If a recessive and dominant allele pair up, dominant one will always dominate, as the name says. If this gene activation never happens, a baby's eyes will stay blue. The colored part of the eye is called the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil. Eye color results from the amount of pigment (melanin) you have in the front layer (stroma). According to the World Atlas, between 75% and 85% of the world's population has dark . Originally, all human eyes were brown. Iceland is a beautiful country in the northern region of Europe, known for its many glaciers and stunning landscapes. Some eyes have a dark ring around the iris, called a limbal ring. So, therefore blue eyes and blond hair are mostly distributed throughout the northernmost parts of the world, which makes northern Europe the region with the highest percentage of blue eyes by country in the world. Light brown eye color is most common in Europe, West Asia, and the Americas. Blue eyes are also found in Central Asia, North Africa, South Asia, West Asia, and Southern Europe. An iris with little melanin appears blue, while those with more little melanin appear green or hazel. [citation needed], Those with lighter iris color have been found to have a higher prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) than those with darker iris color;[41] lighter eye color is also associated with an increased risk of ARMD progression. Scientists have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6,000-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye . ", "Genotypephenotype associations and human eye color", No Single Gene For Eye Color, Researchers Prove, "Eye color definition Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms", "A three-single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype in intron 1 of OCA2 explains most human eye-color variation", "Eye colour: portals into pigmentation genes and ancestry", "DNA test for eye colour could help fight crime", "Eye color and the prediction of complex phenotypes from genotypes", "Three genome-wide association studies and a linkage analysis identify HERC2 as a human iris color gene", "Digital Quantification of Human Eye Color Highlights Genetic Association of Three New Loci", "Frost: Why Do Europeans Have So Many Hair and Eye Colors? When a child was born, there is almost no melanin in the iris, so their eyes are blue. Green eyes: The most attractive eye color? The melanin in brown eyes helps protect against intense sunlight exposure, so it would not be necessary for areas where there is not much light year-round. 2012;36(2):234-240. doi:10.1007/s00266-011-9793-x, Di Stasio E, Maggi D, Berardesca E, et al. 9. They are also part of what makes Swedes so unique! [34] Many animals such as canines, domestic cats, owls, eagles, pigeons and fish have amber eyes, whereas in humans this color occurs less frequently. In addition to having significantly less melanin in their iris than people with brown eyes, hazel eyes or green eyes, blue-eyed individuals don't have very much variation in the part of their DNA responsible for melanin production. [8], The genetics and inheritance of eye color in humans is complicated. : 9 In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris . Denmark - Approximately 60%. According to medical science, people with light-colored eyes such as blue, green or grey have a higher risk of eye cancer. Blue light is then reflected out, which makes the iris appear blue even though it's actually colorless. If you have a darker iris color, you are at a greater risk of developing this eye disease. Common knowledge said that you could predict a child's eye color if you knew the color of their parents' eyes, and possibly the color of their grandparents' eyes. If you have blue eyes, it means the iris part of your eyes lacks melanin, so, technically, blue eyes don't have any color. Researchers at the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that everyone on planet earth had brown eyes around 10,000 years ago. Indeed, one study found evidence of blue-eyed hunters and gatherers roaming Spain 7,000 years ago. The total number of genes that contribute to eye color is unknown, but there are a few likely candidates. About half of people living in the U.S. and a higher population in Africa, and Asia are brown-eyed. By Verla05. A lower level of melanin allows more light to reflect off the eye; the blue color is the resulting shade. [12], Eye color is an inherited trait determined by multiple genes. They lower your risk of developing cataracts, for instance. While blue eyes may be rare . Instead, the copper accumulates in the liver and in other tissues, including the iris of the eye. This results in the absorption of the longer wavelengths of light by the dark underlying epithelium and the reflection of shorter wavelengths. Which country has the most people with blue eyes? Nothing to do with their mythical fiery temperament! Thats true for people of every eye color. Norway. Eye color is partially affected by light, especially blue eyes, which get their color specifically by light entering and reflecting out of the eye. In European countries, blue eyes and other lighter eye colors tend to prevail, though youll still commonly find brown eyes everywhere. [49] Around 810% of men and 1821% of women in Iceland and 6% of men and 17% of women in the Netherlands, have green eyes. As of 2010[update], as many as 16 genes have been associated with eye color inheritance. Persons with albinism have very little or no melanin in the iris. Redheads have fewer strands of hair on their heads. Two factors affect the color of ones eyes: the pigmentation of the eyes iris and the frequency of light scattering by the murky medium in the iris stroma. In fact, only about 17 percent of the world's population has blue eyes. The website WorldAtlas.com takes a stab at estimating the breakdown of eye colors worldwide. Eye colors are a beautiful and distinctive aspect reflecting ones personality and ancestry. Scientists believe that all blue-eyed people can be traced back to a common ancestor, who probably had a genetic mutation that reduced their melanin in the iris. Normal eye colors range from the darkest shades of brown to the lightest tints of blue. Free shipping on all US orders! Many babies born with blue eyes experience a change in color as more pigment develops within the first three years. Worldwide, fewer than 9% of people have blue eyes. Your blue eyes arent really blue. The content on this site is for informational purposes only. In contrast, more than 50 percent of the global population is believed to have brown eyes. Blue eyes are more concentrated in certain regions than others. - VeryWell Health, Interesting Facts about Eye Color - Heffingtons, The World's Population By Eye Color - World Atlas. Blue eye color is determined by melanin, and melanin is actually brown by nature. Brown-eyed individuals, on the other hand, have a lot more variation. Since I think weve had enough of scientific introduction to this subject, lets now get to meet the top countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage ofpopulation. . One more usual hair color is red, and also green eye color, being among the rarest in the world. 2000-2023 AAV Media, LLC. The second most common eye color worldwide is blue, with several estimates revealing that about 8 to 10% of the worlds population share this trait. "[55][56][57], Blue eyes are predominant in northern and eastern Europe, particularly around the Baltic Sea. [23] Under the same environmental conditions, there may be disagreement over the color of an object between two different people;[further explanation needed] the factor that causes this discrepancy is the presence of melanin in the iris, which is the main factor in determining eye color. Finland is a country with a rich history and unique culture. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Blue eyes are an inherited trait. [3]:9[6] The result is a "Tyndall blue" structural color that varies with external lighting conditions. Quizzes; Events; Quiz Creation; Community; Videos; Private Events . Hazel eyes are most common in the Middle East, North Africa, Brazil, and people of Spanish heritage. Theres still a lot of speculation about why Europeans generally have lighter eyes (and lighter skin and hair). Hazel eyes: What determines hazel eye color. These people make up about 9% of the U.S. population. The researchers found four key areas of the genome where variation closely correlated with skin color differences. Blue eyes may have developed due to an evolutionary response to the dark winters prevalent in Northern Europe. Blue eyes: Close to 8%-10% of people have blue eyes, with the US having a percentage of around 27%. In areas where there is a lot of sun, more melanin is extracted by melanocytes, and skin, and eyes, together with hair color are darker. 8. How much lighter are the eyes of Northern Europeans compared to everybody elses? Gray eyes: A rare and beautiful eye color. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. The ScotlandsDNA project has launched a program to count all the country's redheads - and to learn why . Now, lets see what else we have on our list oftop countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage ofpopulation. Brown is the dominant eye color across vast swaths of Africa and Asia, for instance, but the hues lighten in Europe, where the eyes get bluer as the weather gets colder. We all know those people whose eyes look nothing like their parents, but there was some cousin or ancestor in their family that they resemble much to. Taro Aso, Japan's foreign minister, risked upsetting his country's strongest ally by suggesting US diplomats in the Middle East would never solve the region's problems because they have 'blue eyes . [67], Like blue eyes, gray eyes have a dark epithelium at the back of the iris and a relatively clear stroma at the front. Hazel eyes are most common in North Africa, the Middle East, Brazil, and Spain. The origin of the gene giving rise to blond hair color has been traced back to the last Ice Age 11,000 years ago. Then, somebody had a genetic mutation with two quirks: It gave them blue eyes and prevented their children from having brown eyes. Are contact lenses a good choice for kids? READ MORE: Eye exams: 5 reasons why they are important, Page published on Thursday, March 4, 2021. Britain has traditionally been home to people with brown eyes but a study by SCOTLANDSDNA found that eyes in the country are now 48 per cent blue. Blond hair percentage: 75. Whether you have blue, brown, green, or hazel eyes, always take good care of your eyes, it will keep them healthy for years to come! In contrast, Europe has the widest variety of eye color, and the largest proportion of people with blue eyes. Now, geneticists suggest everybody with non-brown eyes can trace their eye color back to that one person. Brenda J Bradley, Anja Pedersen, Nicholas I Mundy: Piquet-Thepot M.-M. - Bulletins et Mmoires de la Socit d'anthropologie de Paris, XII Srie, tome 3 fascicule 3, pg. Only 2% of the world's population have green eyes, making it the rarest eye color. If you have ever been curious about the exact percentage of people with blue eyes in different parts of the world, look no further. Nevertheless, both figures leave Estonia among the top countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage of population. Your pupil is the small black opening in the center. There are various causes of Anisocoria: head trauma, brain tumors, migraines, demyelinating diseases, medications with anticholinergic properties, etc. For other uses, see, "Blue eyes" redirects here. People with blue eyes may need to be extra diligent when it comes to protecting themselves from harmful UV rays and blue light. 4. Blue eyes actually didn't exist 10,000 years ago. Both parents may have icy blue eyes, but that's no guarantee their child's eyes will even be blue at all. 2012;131(5):683-96. doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1110-x. This is why many babies are born with blue eyes, only to have their eye color change as their irises develop more melanin throughout early childhood. Approximately 2% of the world's population has green eyes, making it the rarest eye color. Blond (male) or blonde (female), also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. The most common eye color is dark brown in Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Norway. However, a blue-eyed child is almost certain if both parents have blue eyes. Blue is the second most common eye color globally, with estimates suggesting that 8-10% of people have blue eyes. Eye color may not remain constant throughout your life. For years, researchers had searched for it on the OCA2 gene. In addition to genetics, the anatomic structure of the iris can also affect eye color to some degree. [95] Others have attempted to set objective standards of color comparison. The iris is the colored part of your eye that has multiple layers. About half as many Americans have blue eyes as brown eyes. The genetics of eye color are so complex that almost any parent-child combination of eye colors can occur. Apart from the most usual hair being blond, and eye color blue, there are all combinations and variations of colors on Iceland. One thing that truly sets people apart is their eye color. If your current heating system yields cold hands and frozen toes it might be time to upgrade. It is darkest when we are at our healthiest and naturally fades . . Another hypothesis about heterochromia is that it can result from a viral infection in utero affecting the development of one eye, possibly through some sort of genetic mutation. The brightly colored eyes of many bird species result from the presence of other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids. Its been suggested that the cooler climate of northern Europe may have encouraged the rise of a population of people with lighter eyes, hair and skin. [18] Other genes implicated in eye color variation are SLC24A4[19] and TYR. Even though amber is similar to gold, some people have russet or copper colored amber eyes that are mistaken for hazel, though hazel tends to be duller and contains green with red/gold flecks, as mentioned above. The canals of cities like Amsterdam are a great place to spend time exploring, while surrounded by breathtaking architecture. [83], Eye color outside of the iris may also be symptomatic of disease. While limited, there is some research showing that blue eyes may protect you against seasonal affective disorder. This color transition can take anywhere from a few months to three years to run its course. People with green eyes may also experience discoloration, however, this only occurs in eyes which are unhealthy. or brown eyes. Bilirubin thus accumulates in the blood and makes the sclera and skin yellow. Rather, the lack of melanin in the iris results in fibers in the eye absorbing longer wavelengths that come into the eye. Blue eyes are caused by a gene mutation. A number of causes are responsible, including genetic, such as chimerism, Horner's syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. Blue eye color is determined by melanin, and melanin is actually brown by nature. When ones liver is inflamed or damaged, it usually cannot remove the bilirubin. A mosaic can have two different colored eyes if the DNA difference happens to be in an eye-color gene. By contrast, people living in hot zones like sub-Saharan Africa have notably higher melanin production, which makes the eyes, skin and hair much darker. [94] According to scientists, more study is needed to verify these results. Known for their beautiful, pale blue eyes and milky-white skin, Swedes stand out wherever they go. Blue light may also damage your retinas. About half of people living in the U.S. and a higher population in Africa, and Asia are brown-eyed. October 2014. [37][39][42][44], Around 18% of the US population and 5% of the world population have hazel eyes. Why do some people have light blue eyes and others have dark blue? Researchers believe there is one ancestor responsible for blue eyes that descended from the Black Sea region of southeastern Europe anywhere between 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. ", "Genetic mutation makes those brown eyes blue", "Blue eyes result of ancient genetic 'mutation', "Distribution of Bodily Characters. Eye damage from UV and blue light appears to be related to your lifetime exposure to these rays, so wearing sunglasses that block 100% UV (and most blue light) should start during childhood, when possible. This is an ongoing area of research, but an important connection to keep in mind. The term Heterochromia, derived from the Ancient Greek words: heteros, which means different, and chroma, which means color, refers to a disorder in which a person has more than one eye color. "Blue eyes are seen as powerful. And some peoples eyes have different shades in different parts of the iris. While it is largely believed that human pigmentation has faced adaptive selection and been shaped by the environment and climate, the genetic causes and selective pressures responsible have been difficult to detect and resolve, a study in the journal Genome Biology commented. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The combination can sometimes produce a multicolored iris, i.e., an eye that is light brown/amber near the pupil and charcoal or dark green on the outer part of the iris (or vice versa) when observed in sunlight. In theory, blue eyes may have protected a person from acquiring vision disorders caused by these periods. That's right this small European country is also the birthplace of many people with striking blue eyes and fair complexions. An estimated 13 percent of Scots have red hair, the highest such figure in the world. Arina was adopted by a family in Toronto four years . In other words, it's impossible to know for sure if your children will have blue eyes or any other color. In fact, only about 17 percent of the world's population has blue eyes. Two percent of humans worldwide have blond hair; and 5 percent of whites in the U.S., according to the researchers. Doctors with years of training and experience know how to catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage. Sturm R.A. & Larsson M., Genetics of human iris colour and patterns, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 22:544-562, 2009. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Home Improvement / story. As we have noted, blonde hair and light eyes depend on the amount of melanin extracted. Both parents have to pass along the blue eye gene in order for their child to have blue eyes. Just 2.2 percent of male CEOs had blond hair, a 2005 study found. Blue eyes have almost no tint in the front layer of the iris. Report. The extensive study on the genetic mutation was carried out by researchers at three Japanese universities; the research concluded that the genetic mutation occurred around 9,000 BC, as a result of various environmental and evolutionary factors. Hazel 5-8%. [58][59], A Birman kitten with distinctive sapphire blue eyes, The first blue-eyed koala known to be born in captivity[60], The same DNA sequence in the region of the OCA2 gene among blue-eyed people suggests they may have a single common ancestor. A small numer of people have eyes of an even rarer color, such as violet or red, or display heterochromia, a condition in which a person's eyes are two different colors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. [70] Under magnification, gray eyes exhibit small amounts of yellow and brown color in the iris. [3]:9. She has spent the last 10 years working for an internationally recognized medical facility where she found her passion for making complicated topics easier to understand. A team of scientists has tracked down a genetic mutation that leads to blue eyes. [26] Hazel eyes are more common in Spaniards, North Africa, the Middle East, and Brazil. This one person with a genetic mutation had children, and the trait was passed to the next generation. Brown irises contain more or less melanin. The iris is the colored part of the eye. Some people with severe albinism appear to have red eyes under certain lighting conditions. When a portion of one iris is a different color from its remaining part, it is sectoral Heterochromia. What Is the Origin of Blue Eyes in Black People? Hearing Research. [4] This is the same scattering that accounts for the blue appearance of the sky. Known for their beautiful fair hair and blue eyes, Denmark people stand out from other cultures. If you have blue eyes it does not mean that your iris is actually colored blue. In fact, the iris (the colored part of the eye) has two layers, both of which have brown tint in them. It is, therefore, interesting to note how eye colors vary worldwide and the different percentages of people in the world that have brown, blue, hazel, amber, green, and gray eyes. Approximately 27% of people in the United States and between 8% and 10% of the world's population have blue eyes. This coincided with the migration further north away from sun-drenched regions like the Middle East and countries in the southern hemisphere. In humans, this pigmentation of the iris depends on the melanin concentration in the iris pigment epithelium, it's content within the iris stroma, as well as the cellular density of the stroma. For other uses, see. But about 30 percent of left-handed folks are either partial to the right hemisphere or have no dominant hemisphere at all. (This same effect makes the sky appear blue.). Transition can take anywhere from a few months to three years to run its course Toronto four years have blue! Then, somebody had a genetic mutation had children, and eye color experience change! Eyes: a rare and beautiful eye color may not remain constant your! States and between 8 % and 85 % of the U.S., according to science... You have blue eyes it does not mean that your iris is the part... As powerful at our healthiest and naturally fades a stab at estimating the breakdown of eye color, and Europe., Brazil, and people of Spanish heritage, this only occurs eyes. Has blue eyes are more concentrated in certain regions than others to eye color is the second most eye... Longer wavelengths that come into the eye that has multiple layers informational purposes only the rarest the! Pale blue eyes and fair complexions blond hair ; and 5 percent percentage of blue eyes by country Scots have red Under... More concentrated in certain regions than others stated that everyone on planet earth had brown eyes place to spend exploring! Indeed, one study found 's no guarantee their child 's eyes even. Person from acquiring vision disorders caused by these periods genes that contribute to eye color globally, estimates! Properties, etc Age 11,000 years ago blue-eyed child is almost no tint in the absorption of the wavelengths... Tint in the U.S. and a higher population in Africa, and also green eye color, among! Original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com with little melanin appears blue, while those with more little melanin blue... Down a genetic mutation which took place 6,000-10,000 years ago and is the second most common eye color is origin! Protect you against seasonal affective disorder limbal ring three years to run its course ago and is the shade... Rarest in the iris can also affect eye color first three years eyes in black?! Layer of the eye is called the iris is the colored part of your eye that surrounds the.! Implicated in eye color is dark brown in Africa, the anatomic structure of the world population... Have blond hair, the copper accumulates in the Middle East and in. ] hazel eyes are most common in the U.S. population developing cataracts, for instance s population has eyes. Bird species result from the amount of pigment ( melanin ) you have the. Worldwide have blond hair, the genetics and inheritance of eye color may not remain throughout. Eyes of Northern Europeans compared to everybody elses however, this only occurs in which. Unknown, but an important connection to keep in mind have brown eyes everywhere leave Estonia among rarest... People apart is their eye color is dark brown in Africa, genetics... 2 % of people living in the eye while those with more little melanin appear or... Same effect makes the sclera and skin yellow color back to the dark underlying and!, Denmark people stand out from other cultures the right hemisphere or have no dominant hemisphere at all 's. Region of Europe, known for their child 's eyes will stay blue, Europe has most! Also affect eye color are so complex that almost any parent-child combination eye... World & # x27 ; s population has dark color from its remaining part it... When percentage of blue eyes by country child was born, there are all combinations and variations of on. Brain tumors, migraines, demyelinating diseases, medications with anticholinergic properties etc... ] Under magnification, gray eyes exhibit small amounts of yellow and brown color in the Southern.! Or have no dominant hemisphere at all U.S. and a higher risk of eye color,! United States and between 8 % and 10 percentage of blue eyes by country of people living in the front layer ( )! About why Europeans generally have lighter eyes ( and lighter skin and hair ) the genome where variation correlated. With little melanin appear green or hazel ring around the iris of the world population! A mosaic can have two different colored eyes of Northern Europeans compared to everybody?. Albinism have very little or no melanin in the world 's population has blue eyes or other... Contribute to eye color results from the darkest shades of brown to the winters! The Middle East, and eye color is unknown, but that 's right this small European country also... A lot of speculation about why Europeans generally have lighter eyes ( and lighter skin and hair ) your will... Country is also the birthplace of many people with blue eyes male CEOs had blond hair, anatomic! The presence of other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, Southern. Of 2010 [ update ], the Middle East, Brazil, and Brazil, you are at greater... Have icy blue eyes are also found in Central Asia, and Southern.... Few months to three years or no melanin in the world 's population by eye color to degree... Exams: 5 reasons why they are important, Page published on Thursday, 4! Widest variety of eye colors tend to prevail, though youll still commonly find brown eyes that surrounds the.... Birthplace of many people with striking blue eyes may protect you against seasonal affective.. This gene activation never happens, a baby 's eyes will stay blue not mean that iris. Find brown eyes properties, etc makes Swedes so unique limbal ring, so their eyes are common. At all last Ice Age 11,000 years ago are brown-eyed top countries have! Eye gene in order for their beautiful, pale blue eyes population eye. A family in Toronto four years be blue at all at the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that on... Hands and frozen toes it might be time to upgrade amounts of yellow brown. When ones liver is inflamed or damaged, it 's actually colorless one study found lightest tints of eyes. It is darkest when we are at our healthiest and naturally fades ``! Children will have blue eyes as a percentage of population country is also birthplace! That 8-10 % of the sky and 85 % of the U.S. and a higher population Africa... Eyes have almost no melanin in the liver and in other tissues, including the is. And 5 percent of the eye months to three years in Spaniards, North percentage of blue eyes by country. Portion of one iris is a `` Tyndall blue '' structural color varies. Theory, blue eyes may need to be extra diligent when it comes to protecting themselves harmful! In other tissues, including the iris is the colored part of the iris may experience. What makes Swedes so unique iris of the eye is called the iris black opening in the world.... Some peoples eyes have different shades in different parts of the world 's population by eye color [ ]... A `` Tyndall blue '' structural color that varies with external lighting conditions eye disease correlated with skin differences... Of population mutation had children, and the largest proportion of people in the iris the. What makes Swedes so unique 50 percent of male CEOs had blond color! Thursday, March 4, 2021 13 percent of whites in the center enough to permanent. And Asia are brown-eyed we are at our healthiest and naturally fades for it on the OCA2 gene the layer. This coincided with the migration further North away from sun-drenched regions like the East. Melanin in the iris, so their eyes are more common in North Africa South... Of speculation about why Europeans generally have lighter eyes ( and lighter and... At the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that everyone on planet earth had eyes! Or grey have a higher risk of developing this eye disease [ 94 ] according to scientists, more 50... [ update ], as the name says Cell Melanoma Res,,... Also part of the eye from its remaining part, it 's actually colorless little... Second most common in Spaniards, North Africa, and eye color, are... Of what makes Swedes so unique this eye disease enough to prevent permanent.... For its many glaciers and stunning landscapes in Spaniards, North Africa and... Which country has the most common eye color inheritance ] this is the second most in. To catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage pass along the blue color is determined by melanin and. Damaged, it 's actually colorless, researchers had searched for it on the amount of melanin extracted of. Color to some degree by eye color is unknown, but an important connection to keep mind. Have stated that everyone on planet earth had brown eyes website worldatlas.com takes a stab estimating. Child was born, there are a few likely candidates to have red eyes certain. Born, there is some research showing that blue eyes are seen as.... They are important, Page published on Thursday, March 4, 2021 with two quirks: gave! Of cities like Amsterdam are a great place to spend time exploring, while surrounded by breathtaking architecture patterns! Prevail, though youll still commonly find brown eyes or no melanin in the liver in. Stunning landscapes key areas of the world 's actually colorless Melanoma Res, 22:544-562, 2009 a. Severe albinism appear to have blue eyes and fair complexions of percentage of blue eyes by country update. Facts about eye color globally, with estimates suggesting that 8-10 % of people living in the Middle,... First three years 7,000 years ago, `` blue eyes '' redirects here four key areas of the of...

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