The white neighborhood in which Mrs. Breedlove works is beautiful and well kept, demonstrating the connection between race and class. Furious, Mrs. Breedlove sends the girls away and comforts the little white girl, who has begun to cry. Built between 1930 and 1940, France 's Maginot Line was a massive system of defenses that became famous for failing to stop a German invasion. Miss Marie is insulted when Claudia tells her she is "ruined." Contact us The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. Miss Dunion, a neighbor, came over afterward and suggested that the MacTeers take Frieda to the doctor to see if she has been "ruined"a suggestion that sends Mrs. MacTeer into a rage against Miss. Mr. MacTeer: Claudia's father, Mr. MacTeer, is not present often in the book. When France withdrew from NATO's military component in 1966, much of the line was abandoned, with the NATO facilities turned back over to French forces and the rest of it auctioned off to the public or left to decay. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Artillery troops operated the heavy guns, and the engineers were responsible for maintaining and operating other specialist equipment, including all communications systems. (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). Her neighbors are Miss Marie, who goes by the name "the Maginot Line"; China; and Poland. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. By the time Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it was clear to French military leaders that they had greatly underestimated the speed and ruthless efficiency of the German blitzkrieg. In her distress, Mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to escape her current situation. But World War I worsened the problem. Read an in-depth analysis of Claudia MacTeer. Purchasing 5. I seem to recall you are new to the game. The Maginot Line ( French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [li maino] ), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Without the natural defensive barrier provided by the Rhine River, French generals argued that France needed a new defensive barrier made of concrete and steel to replace it. It was preceded by anti-tank obstacles made of metal rails planted vertically in six rows, with heights varying from 0.701.40 metres (2ft 4in 4ft 7in) and buried to a depth of 2m (6ft 7in). If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. It's possible to see an unsettling connection between the blonde dolls and the blonde daughters of families that employ black servants: in playing with little blonde dolls, black girls must either pretend the child is theirsand so negate their own race and deny their own beautyor they must pretend that they, like Pauline, are servants caring for the children of white employers. This section shows the powerful deterministic forces that have shaped Pauline. Her family, looking for a better life, migrates from Alabama to Kentucky while she is a girl. You can view our. Born Elihue Micah Whitcomb, he is a light-skinned West Indian misanthrope and self-declared Reader, Adviser, and Interpreter of Dreams. He hates all kinds of human touch, with the exception of the bodies of young girls. The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. [16] When the Control Commission was dissolved, the commissioners in their final report issued a blistering statement, stating that Germany had never sought to abide by Part V and the Reichswehr had been engaging in covert rearmament all through the 1920s. Feester: To worsen, especially due to lack of attention. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. [4] J.E. The third person narrator points out that for the cavity to have grown, the conditions for it to fester must have been in placea clear metaphor for the social forces that have trapped Pauline in a hard and joyless life. [42], Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp highlight that "poor decisions and missed opportunities" plagued the line and point to its purpose of conserving manpower: "about 20 percent of [France's] field divisions remained inactive along the Maginot Line". [32], After the war, the French re-manned the line and underwent some modifications. Subscribe now. The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. She says they can wait on the porch until Pecola gets home but they are too scared of her. She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." There were places along the cable where dismounted soldiers could connect to the network. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. Her incessant cleaning suggests she feels her home has been dirtied through the violation of her daughter. Flood Zones were natural basins or rivers that could be flooded on demand and thus constitute an additional obstacle in the event of an enemy offensive. Frieda is angered by her experience and ready to take action rather than remain ashamed and defeated. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The blocks contained infrastructure such as power stations, independent ventilating systems, barracks and mess halls, kitchens, water storage and distribution systems, hoists, ammunition stores, workshops and spare parts and food stores. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. Pauline, in turn, humanizes the horse, and understands that by looking into the animal's eyes one can see that its feelings are as real as those of a human being. Elihue's own education brings him into contact with the Western canon, but in these great works he understands only what he wishes to see. Many believe it to mean "sea of bitterness" or "sea of sorrow." However, some sources cite the alternative definitions of "rebellion," "wished-for child," and "mistress or lady of the sea." The name is borne in the Bible by the mother . Don't worry none.". Principal line of resistance: This line began 10km (6mi) behind the border. The Maginot Line tells them Pecola is at her mother's workplace, explaining that Mrs. . The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. The moment where she loses her tooth in the movie theatre is painful: juxtaposing Pauline as an awkward, gap-toothed, pregnant black woman to the idealized (and illusory) image of Jean Harlow on the screen shows the power of these images to destroy a black woman's belief in her own beauty. "The French were beaten emotionally and spiritually," says Kirchubel. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% [4], Postwar assessment of whether the Maginot Line served its purpose has been mixed. Their father's reaction, while violent, demonstrates the love he has for his family, which is contrasted later when Cholly rapes Pecola, simultaneously failing to protect her and acting as the aggressor. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [19] Part of the rationale for the Maginot Line stemmed from the severe French losses during the First World War and their effect on the French population. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. By early June, the German forces had cut off the line from the rest of France, and the French government was making overtures for an armistice, which was signed on 22 June in Compigne. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! As a young boy, Cholly has a great friend in old Blue Jack, an older black man who works at the feed store. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. The fortifications did not extend through the Ardennes Forest (which was believed to be impenetrable by Commander-in-Chief Maurice Gamelin) or along France's border with Belgium because the two countries had signed an alliance in 1920, by which the French army would operate in Belgium if the German forces invaded. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built in the run-up to World War II, after the Locarno Conference in 1925 gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic "Locarno spirit". The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. 10. Complete your free account to request a guide. The Germans then broke through the fortification line as defending French forces retreated southward. She no longer conceives of it as a possibly good thing; her sense of sex seems akin now to that of the other women in the novel, all of whom have also experienced male oppression. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. [20] The drop in the birth rate during and after the war, resulting in a national shortage of young men, created an "echo" effect on the generation that provided the French conscript army in the mid-1930s. [10], The training was carried out at a fortress near the town of Bitche in Moselle in Lorraine, built in a military training area and so capable of live fire exercises. Artillery was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in line by bombarding it directly without harm. She then throws her root-beer bottle down at the girls' feet and laughs loudly, terrifying the girls, who run until they can't run any farther. The infantry manned the lighter weapons of the fortresses and formed units with the mission of operating outside if necessary. Built between 1930 and 1940, it was one of the world's most impressive forts, yet it proved to be almost . On a Saturday in spring, Claudia goes inside and finds Frieda crying. Kaufmann and H.W. The Maginot Line was invulnerable to aerial bombings and tank fire; it featured underground railways as a backup. 8. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. What was the Purpose of the Maginot Line? In a sense, the way the MacTeer girls read and misread the adult world echoes the Dick-and-Jane reader at the beginning of the novel. These impressive fortifications 142 large artillery forts called ouvrages or "works," 352 fortified gun emplacements called "casemates," and 5,000 smaller bunkers and pillboxes became known as the Maginot Line, named after the French politician Andr Maginot (pronounced Mah-ji-noh). In January 1923, after Weimar Germany defaulted on reparations, the French Premier Raymond Poincar responded by sending French troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr region. Kaufmann added that before construction in October 1927, the Superior Council of War adopted the final design for the line and identified that one of the main missions would be to deter a German cross-border assault with only minimal force to allow "the army time to mobilise. [26] Germany had to import most of its iron, rubber, oil, bauxite, copper and nickel, making naval blockade a devastating weapon against the German economy. 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