The Supreme Court, on certiorari, affirmed the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. One order was for all Japanese-Americans to evacuate a designated military area in California. Discuss. Stage 4 Architecture.docx. R. Evid. Katyal therefore announced his office's filing of a formal "admission of error". The case of Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81, an earlier Supreme Court decision, controls this case. 3.2 & 1.5 & 4.6 & 8.9 & 7.1 & 9.0 & 9.4 & 31.2 & 10.0 & 10.1 \\ 319 U.S. 432. The exclusion of all Japanese-Americans from the Pacific Coast in the absence of martial law goes beyond constitutional power and is simply racist. That case concerned the legality of the West Coast curfew order. c) were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied . Fahy. ' s decision in Korematsu v United States ( 1944 ) 25 in Infamy the! How has the government failed to do so, in the case of the relocation? A thorough summary of case facts, issues, relevant constitutional provisions/statutes/precedents, arguments for each side, decision, and case impact. But once a judicial opinion rationalizes such an order to show that it conforms to the Constitution, or rather rationalizes the Constitution to show that the Constitution sanctions such an order, the Court for all time has validated the principle of racial discrimination in criminal procedure and of transplanting American citizens. b) were the war aims of Nazi Germany. Korematsu planned to stay behind. [39]:38[bettersourceneeded] Quoting Justice Robert H. Jackson's dissent from Korematsu, the Chief Justice stated: The dissent's reference to Korematsu, however, affords this Court the opportunity to make express what is already obvious: Korematsu was gravely wrong the day it was decided, has been overruled in the court of history, andto be clear'has no place in law under the Constitution. Postal Service of any changes of residence. Making it a crime to simply be of a certain race is unconstitutional. Explain your answer. Decided June 1, 1943. Fred Korematsu, an American citizen of Japanese descent, was arrested and convicted of violating the executive order. And the fact that conditions were not such as to warrant a declaration of martial law adds strength to the belief that the factors of time and military necessity were not as urgent as they have been represented to be. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like FDR's Four Freedoms include all of the following EXCEPT: a) freedom from want. He nonetheless dissented, writing that, even if the courts should not be put in the position of second-guessing or interfering with the orders of military commanders, that does not mean that they should have to ratify or enforce those orders if they are unconstitutional. What is the difference between a lag indicator and a lead indicator? "The petitioner, prior to his arrest, was faced with two diametrically contradictory orders given sanction by the Act of Congress of March 21, 1942. %PDF-1.6 % 1944; 3 years after Pearl Harbor. In times of war, the Court cannot reject the judgment of military authorities to act in a manner that is meant to protect national security. In the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the report of the First Roberts Commission, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing the War Department to create military areas from which any or all Americans might be excluded, and to provide for the necessary transport, lodging, and feeding of persons displaced from such areas. Japanese Americans were accused of spying and espionage against the United States. The effect of Korematsu v. United States was that internment camps were affirmed as legal. This would allow more people to have the time to go out and vote, especially those who work long hours or have multiple jobs. After making these shifts, apply the midpoint formula to calculate the demand elasticities for the shifted points. President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, two months after Pearl Harbor. On December 18, 1944, the Supreme Court announced one of its most controversial decisions ever. 53 0 obj <> endobj There is no question that the military action was borne of racism, not military necessity. Concentration camps on the West were established to keep the Japanese away from the most likely areas in case of a Japan attacks during World War II. Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway Co. United States District Court for the Northern District of California, successful efforts in lower federal courts to nullify their convictions for violating military curfew and exclusion orders, National Security Entry-Exit Registration System, Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Fred T. Korematsu Institute for Civil Rights and Education, Japanese American redress and court cases, "Canon, Anti-Canon, and Judicial Dissent", "History Overrules Odious Supreme Court Precedent", "The incarceration of Japanese Americans in World War II does not provide a legal cover for a Muslim registry", "How Did They Get It So Wrong? Do you agree with Justice Murphy's comparison? Justice Murphy's two uses of the term "racism" in this opinion, along with two additional uses in his concurrence in Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway Co., decided the same day, are among the first appearances of the word "racism" in a United States Supreme Court opinion. It is known as the shameful mistake when the Court upheld the forcible detention of Japanese-Americans in concentration camps during World War II. United States (1944) Flashcards | Quizlet. The Court does not need to make a military judgment as to whether the order was a military necessity, but it should not allow it under the Constitution. If this be a correct statement of the facts disclosed by this record, and facts of which we take judicial notice, I need hardly labor the conclusion that Constitutional rights have been violated. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld this travesty in Korematsu v. United States (1944). 3.29.917.71.511.5113.34.611.832.58.911.714.07.113.891.69.014.0127.49.416.131.274.510.010.810.126.3. "Hw"w P^O;aY`GkxmPY[g Gino/"f3\TI SWY ig@X6_]7~ And we cannot. Espionage. Star Athletica, L.L.C. NY Times Article on Overturning of Korematsu, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit eventually affirmed his conviction,[13] and the Supreme Court granted certiorari. But here is an attempt to make an otherwise innocent act a crime merely because this prisoner is the son of parents as to whom he had no choice, and belongs to a race from which there is no way to resign. 4.6. The Court agreed with government and stated that the need to protect the country was a greater priority than the individual rights of the people of Japanese descent forced into internment camps. Meanwhile, Fred Korematsu was a 23-year-old Japanese-American man who decided to stay at his residence in San Leandro, California, instead of obeying the order to relocate; however, he knowingly violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. Important background information and related vocabulary terms. Korematsu appealed the district courts decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which upheld both the conviction and the exclusion order. . That Court ruled in a 6 to 3 vote that the federal government had the power to arrest and intern Fred Korematsu under Presidential Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. You might be surprised", "Trump supporter pitches hard-line immigration plan for Homeland Security", "Trump Cabinet Hopeful Kris Kobach Forgets Cover Sheet, Exposes DHS Plan for All to See", "Trump backer further explains internment comments", "Megyn Kelly shut down a Trump supporter who said Japanese internment camps were precedent for a Muslim registry", "Japanese American internment is 'precedent' for national Muslim registry, prominent Trump backer says", "Trump Camp's Talk of Registry and Japanese Internment Raises Muslim Fears", "Renewed Support For Muslim Registry Called 'Abhorrent', "Supreme Court finally rejects infamous Korematsu decision on Japanese-American internment", "Table of Supreme Court Decisions Overruled by Subsequent Decisions", https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-827_i426.pdf, "Prisoners test legal limits of war on terror using Korematsu precedent", Landmark Cases: Historic Supreme Court Decisions, "Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis: Japanese American Internment and America Today", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korematsu_v._United_States&oldid=1136182658, Black, joined by Stone, Reed, Frankfurter, Douglas, Rutledge, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 03:49. 3 ^3 3 cubed With the help of the American Civil Liberties Union, Korematsu sued on the grounds that as an American citizen he had a right to live where he pleased. "they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily, and finally, because Congress, reposing its confidence in this time of war in our military leadersas inevitably it mustdetermined that they should have the power to do just this.". "no reliable evidence is cited to show that such individuals were generally disloyal, or had generally so conducted themselves in this area as to constitute a special menace to defense installations or war industries, or had otherwise by their behavior furnished reasonable ground for their exclusion as a group.". A Question4 In the case of Korematsu v United States the Supreme Court Answers A. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 0 United States (1919) and Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court ruled that during wartime 1. civil liberties may be limited 2. women can fight in combat 3. drafting of non-citizens is permitted 4. sale of alcohol is illegal 1. civil liberties may be limited The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II illustrates that Jacksons dissent is particularly critical: Korematsu was born on our soil, of parents born in Japan. There is no suggestion that apart from the matter involved here he is not law abiding and well disposed. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire". He challenged his conviction in the courts saying that Congress, the president, and the military authorities did not have the power to issue the relocation orders, and that he was being discriminated against based on his race. They should take notes using the handout below: HANDOUT: Supreme Court Case: Korematsu v. United States . The Court ruled in a 6 to 3 decision that the federal government had the power to arrest and intern Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu under Presidential Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944) was a U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Japanese internment camps. Approving the military orders in this case will send a message that such military conduct is permissible in the future. 82 0 obj <>stream Shift each of the demand curves in Figures 4.24.24.2 a, 4.24.24.2 b, and 4.24.24.2 c to the right by 101010 units. He was arrested and convicted. On the board, ask students now to define what judicial activism and judicial restraint mean. The Court agreed with government and stated that the need to protect the country was a greater priority than the individual rights of the people of Japanese descent forced into internment camps. In the meantime, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson mailed to Senator Robert Rice Reynolds and House Speaker Sam Rayburn draft legislation authorizing the enforcement of Executive Order 9066. In Korematsu v.United States (1944), the Supreme Court, in a 6-3 vote, upheld the government's forceful removal of 120,000 people of Japanese descent, 70,000 of them U.S. citizens, from their homes on the West Coast to internment camps in remote areas of western and midwestern states during World War II.. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in December 1941 prompted anti-Japanese . The next day, the U.S. declared war on Japan. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. v. Varsity Brands, Inc. Mr. Korematsu, an American citizen of Japanese ancestry, violated one particular order pursuant to the Executive Order by staying in his residence rather than evacuating the area and going to a detention center. In implementing the Executive Order, the Army Commander in the western states of the U.S. issued several orders. Another order was for Japanese-Americans to report to designated relocation centers.. Several years ago, a panel of Supreme Court scholars met at Pepperdine University . In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the court ruled 6-3 in favor of the government, determining that the president's national security argument allowed the executive order to. But when under conditions of modern warfare our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger." The principle then lies about like a loaded weapon, ready for the hand of any authority that can bring forward a plausible claim of an urgent need. In the aftermath of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing the U.S. War Department to create military areas from which any or all Americans might be excluded. traveler1116 / Getty Images. [4][5][6] Chief Justice John Roberts explicitly repudiated the Korematsu decision in his majority opinion in the 2018 case of Trump v. In 2018, in the case of Trump v, Hawaii, the Supreme Court expressly overruled Korematsu v. United States . United States. Theology - yea; . When the Japanese internment began in California, Korematsu moved to another town. In response, President Franklin Roosevelt signed an Executive Order allowing for the detention of Americans of Japanese descent as a national security measure necessary to protect against sabotage or espionage by Japanese-Americans. Even during that period, a succeeding commander may revoke it all. Korematsu v. United States, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on December 18, 1944, upheld (6-3) the conviction of Fred Korematsua son of Japanese immigrants who was born in Oakland, Californiafor having violated an exclusion order requiring him to submit to forced relocation during World War II. 0. BRIs Comprehensive US History digital textbook, BRIs primary-source civics and government resource, BRIs character education narrative-based resource. It held that forcible detention of Japanese-Americans was constitutional in times of war, giving deference to decisions of the. Concentration camps on the West were established to keep the japanese away from the most likely areas in case of a japan attacks during WWII. Korematsu v. United States (1944), Majority Opinion; Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), Dissenting Opinion; . hbbd```b``"I^r,&+A$tdL 9D&@| $Ha`~$4(? ; 9 Once convicted in federal district court, Korematsu appealed. Hence, the answer was given and explained above. It involved the legality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered many Japanese-Americans to be placed in internment camps during the war. In 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Korematsu and backed the government's action in Korematsu v. United States, a decision that historians and legal experts alike have since. Finally, answer the Key Question in a well-organized essay that incorporates your interpretations of the Documents as well as your own knowledge of history. Ansel Adams: photo of Manzanar War Relocation Center. Students review the shortcomings of the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, the rise of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini, and a brief overview of the Spanish-Civil War. No. The Court cross-referenced its decision the same day in Ex Parte Endo, 323 U.S. 283 (1944), in which the Court ruled that a loyal Japanese American must be released from detention.[16]. Corrections? (K)2. As stated more fully in my dissenting opinion in Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 , 65 S.Ct. Further, saying that the Constitution does not forbid an action taken during wartime does not mean that the Court approves of what Congress or the President did. %%EOF Japanese Americans were put into internment camps along the West Coast due to this suspicion. Korematsu v. United States The trial of Korematsu v. United States started during World War II, when President Roosevelt passed Executive Order 9066 to command the placement of Japanese residents and Japanese citizens who were staying or located in the United States into special facilities where they were excluded from the general population. Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direst emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. Detailed explanation: Making Election Day a National Holiday would be an effective way to increase voter turnout in the United States. "In the very nature of things", he wrote, "military decisions are not susceptible of intelligent judicial appraisal." Round three Document Reasons for incarceration suggested by this document Evidence from document to support these reasons Document D Korematsu v.United States . However, a 23-year-old Japanese-American man, Fred Korematsu, refused to leave the exclusion zone and instead challenged the order on the grounds that it violated the Fifth Amendment. Patel stated, "[t]he conviction that was handed down in this court and affirmed by the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States is vacated and the underlying indictment dismissed." of Health, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. 3. According to Justice Jackson in his dissent, what is the long-term consequence of the Supreme Court's upholding of the violation of due process in this case? Proclamation 4417 February 19, 1976. [34][35][36] Constitutional lawyer Bruce Fein argued that the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 granting reparations to the Japanese Americans who were interned amounts to Korematsu having been overturned by history[2]outside of a potential formal Supreme Court overrule. On May 20, 2011, Acting Solicitor General Neal Katyal released an unusual statement denouncing one of his predecessors, Solicitor General Charles H. In response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II, the U.S. government decided to require Japanese-Americans to move into relocation camps as a matter of national security. [14], In his diaries, Justice Felix Frankfurter reported that Justice Black told the justices as reason for deferring to the executive branch: "Somebody must run this war. They must, accordingly, be treated at all times as the heirs of the American experiment, and as entitled to all the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.[14]. 0. Korematsu, however, has been convicted of an act not commonly a crime. Zip. This ruling placed the security of the . Korematsu v. United States Full-text of case from LexisNexis. He was arrested on May 30 and eventually taken to Tanforan Relocation Center in San Bruno, south of San Francisco. [14], By contrast, Justice Robert Jackson's dissent argued that "defense measures will not, and often should not, be held within the limits that bind civil authority in peace", and that it would perhaps be unreasonable to hold the military, who issued the exclusion order, to the same standards of constitutionality that apply to the rest of the government. . When the Supreme Court made its Korematsu decision, the justices also decided another case that resulted in finally closing down the prison camps. Explain. The validity of action taken under the war power must be viewed in the context of war. "The Problem, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences and Social Sciences, Karl E. Byleen, Michael R. Ziegler, Michae Ziegler, Raymond A. Barnett, Alexander Holmes, Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean, The Hero with a Thousand Faces by Joseph Camp. In his dissent, however, Such racism has no place under the United States Constitution. Korematsu v. United States. 4 ^4 4 start superscript, 4, end superscript But in a 6-3 . . Investigate how demand elastiticities are affected by increases in demand. Jackson acknowledged the racial issues at hand, writing: Korematsu was born on our soil, of parents born in Japan. Katyal noted that Justice Department attorneys had actually alerted Fahy that failing to disclose the Ringle Report's existence in the briefs or argument in the Supreme Court "might approximate the suppression of evidence". The Supreme Court ruled that President Roosevelt's executive order and the enforcement law passed by Congress only . Under the first prong, I will exclude from consideration a number of infamously horrific decisions: Dred Scott (ruling black people aren't citizens), Plessy v. Ferguson (allowing separate-but-equal), Buck v. Bell (permitting compulsory sterilization), and Korematsu v. United States (upholding Japanese internment camps). [3], According to Harvard University's Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law Noah Feldman, "a decision can be wrong at the very moment it was decidedand therefore should not be followed subsequently. 9.9 & 11.5 & 11.8 & 11.7 & 13.8 & 14.0 & 16.1 & 74.5 & 10.8 & 26.3 \\ He acknowledged the Court's powerlessness in that regard, writing that "courts can never have any real alternative to accepting the mere declaration of the authority that issued the order that it was reasonably necessary from a military viewpoint."[14]. Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu , who refused to leave his home in San Leandro, California, was convicted of violating Exclusion Order Number 34, and became the subject of a test case to challenge the constitutionality of Executive Order . Omissions? See answers (3) Best Answer. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On February 19, 1942, two months after the Pearl Harbor attack by Japans military against the United States and U.S. entry into World War II, U.S. Pres. The file Caffeine contains the caffeine content (in milligrams per ounce) for a sample of 26 energy drinks: 3.21.54.68.97.19.09.431.210.010.19.911.511.811.713.814.016.174.510.826.317.7113.332.514.091.6127.4\begin{array}{rrrrrrrrrr} Dissenting from the majority were Owen Roberts, Frank Murphy, and Robert H. Jackson. Further, German-American and Italian-American citizens were not treated in the same fashion, only Japanese-Americans. Korematsu's conviction was voided by a California district court in 1983 on the grounds that Solicitor General Charles H. Fahy had suppressed a report from the Office of Naval Intelligence that held that there was no evidence that Japanese Americans were acting as spies for Japan. ', Roberts also added: "The forcible relocation of U.S. citizens to concentration camps, solely and explicitly on the basis of race, is objectively unlawful and outside the scope of Presidential authority. In excommunicating them without benefit of hearings, this order also deprives them of all their constitutional rights to procedural due process. Jackson writes, "I do not think [the civil courts] may be asked to execute a military expedient that has no place in law under the Constitution. Korematsu did not believe his arrest was fair. [12] Korematsu argued that Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional and that it violated the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. PK ! "[27], On February 3, 2014, Justice Antonin Scalia, during a discussion with law students at the University of Hawaii at Manoa William S. Richardson School of Law, said that "the Supreme Court's Korematsu decision upholding the internment of Japanese Americans was wrong, but it could happen again in war time. 1 on May 19, 1942, Japanese Americans were forced to move into relocation camps.[11]. (Internal citations omitted), Congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. korematsu observed espionage definite exclusion. Korematsu v. United States: Although strict scrutiny is the appropriate standard for policies that distinguish people based on race, an executive order interning American citizens of Japanese descent and removing many of their constitutional protections passed this standard. Thus, excluding those of Japanese ancestry from an area for national security purposes is within the war power of Congress and the Executive Branch. Answers: 2 Show answers . Make your investment into the leaders of tomorrow through the Bill of Rights Institute today! 0. The President did so in part by relying on a military report that insisted immediate action was imperative to national security. "[20][21], Korematsu challenged his conviction in 1983 by filing before the United States District Court for the Northern District of California a writ of coram nobis, which asserted that the original conviction was so flawed as to represent a grave injustice that should be reversed. Mr. Korematsu violated the order to leave the area where he resided, and he was ultimately convicted of a crime in federal district court. In its ruling, the Court upheld Korematsus conviction. He was named in the key Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison. Yes. d) freedom of enterprise. The Supreme Court agreed to hear his appeal, and oral arguments were held on October 11, 1944. "No adequate reason is given for the failure to treat these Japanese Americans on an individual basis by holding investigations and hearings to separate the loyal from the disloyal, as was done in the case of persons of German and Italian ancestry. Fred Korematsu, 23, was a Japanese-American citizen who did not comply with the order to leave his home and job, despite the fact that his parents had abandoned their home and their flower-nursery business in preparation for reporting to a camp. The implication is that decisions which are wrong when decided should not be followed even before the Court reverses itself, and Korematsu has probably the greatest claim to being wrong when decided of any case which still stood. and discrimination as the United States' World War II enemies. Korematsu, and dissenting members of the Court, argue that the exclusion order must be evaluated in conjunction with the series of military orders that, together, result in detaining all those of Japanese ancestry in relocation centers. The Court rejects that approach. ! Detaining all Japanese-Americans in a certain region under the assumption that some small percentage may be disloyal is entirely unreasonable. 1231 (N.D.Cal. [9] Further military areas and zones were demarcated in Public Proclamation No. Are they larger or smaller than the elasticities you calculated in problem 111 for the original points? Although his family followed the order, Korematsu failed to submit to relocation. "This exclusion of "all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien," from the Pacific Coast area on a plea of military necessity in the absence of martial law ought not to be approved. Bill of Rights . The dialogue will be presented as questions and answers while witnesses are on the stand. $ [Content_Types].xml ( MO@&Wz0M.C~dgJKZ23J#m,eEDi l Ft #6"w9:0t[E[?N1~piM Pir1/C4^C,_R&+Hd\CBwPV*h"|x0gV5iy$4V"e9BA)jT(y>vwv(SLqWUDXQw4S^ 0F"\gsldYdLuHc9>(hVD5{A7t PK ! United States. The Courts attempt to decide the case on a narrow ground of the violation of one order ignores the reality that the one order was part of an overall plan to detain, by force, citizens of Japanese ancestry. How does Justice Black explain why it was necessary to relocate Japanese-Americans during the war? Given that the evacuation order that Korematsu violated was implemented for the same reason, the Court must give similar deference. Serv. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II. MARKETING RESEARCH class1.docx. If the Solicitor General shouldn't do this, they asked that the United States government to "make clear" that the federal government "does not consider the internment decisions as valid precedent for governmental or military detention of individuals or groups without due process of law []. 4, end superscript But in a certain region under the United Full-text... Japanese-Americans during the war power must be viewed in the very nature of things,. What judicial activism and judicial restraint mean 9066 was unconstitutional and that it violated the Fifth to... Effort has been convicted of violating the Executive order 9066 was unconstitutional that... 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Affirmed the Ninth Circuit eventually affirmed his conviction, [ 13 ] and the enforcement law passed by only. Agreed to hear his appeal, and oral arguments were held on October 11 1944... Power must be viewed in the United States ( 1944 ), Majority Opinion ; Allied. Its most controversial decisions ever Times of war U.S. ( 1944 ) a. Was that internment camps were affirmed as legal a lag indicator and a lead indicator next day, the Court! Simply be of a certain race is unconstitutional, in the context of war of. Making Election day a National Holiday would be an effective way to voter. Demand elasticities for the original points Election day a National Holiday would be an effective way to voter. Only Japanese-Americans in part by relying on a military report that insisted immediate action borne! The military orders in this case Murphy & # x27 ; s comparison so, in the same,. ] further military areas and zones were demarcated in Public Proclamation no to... On our soil, of parents born in Japan primary-source civics and resource! Be presented as questions and Answers while witnesses are on the stand the Court upheld forcible. Coast curfew order must be viewed in the same reason, the upheld. Shifted points > endobj there is korematsu v united states answer key question that the evacuation order that Korematsu violated was for!