Firm the soil and water the plant thoroughly. A final surge of bravado chased away all caution. Respondents reported that a mature tamarind tree cannot be easily felled using an axe so entire trees were sold to limestone processors who could afford chain saws for felling the trees. The couple looked on fearfully. Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. Conserv Biol. J Food Eng. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. . De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. Fibrous material was then removed and the fruit squeezed to get a concentrate which was used for flavouring porridge, millet bread and potatoes. Its at the top of the tree. The low percentage of planting (45%) coupled with excessive cutting, low monetary value attached to T. indica products and competing landuses especially where population density is high, remain major challenges to its conservation. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. They went alongside him. Sign up to receive Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. 75 grams carbohydrates. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/tamarind, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential, University of Florida - Environmental Horticulture - Tamarindus indica, Healthline - What Is Tamarind? And what if its true? He heard shouting. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. Still less count its nails, each of which have their story to tell. The vicinity of a tamarind tree was a preferred site for house construction as expressed in the words of one of the respondents: building your house close to a tamarind tree is advantageous since you are assured of a windbreak. Driving Directions to Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. Few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as well. Inside the pulp should be a light smooth brownish color. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. Accessed 14 Dec 2008. Connect with travelers that are planning vacations right here, right now. 2008;62:2439. The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern Indias richest legends. The leaves, beans, bark, and wood of the tamarind tree have a wide variety of uses. Afr J Ecol. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. He nailed it in! In spite of everything, such guts that guy has! School children simply removed the husks from tamarind fruits, put the fruits in bottles and added water. J Ethnopharmacol. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. Start planning today! The tree however can live another 150+ years. In Uganda it is indigenous and the study areas of Butaleja and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda form part of its natural range [13]. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. The fruit . Unable to make any movement, his closest friend shouted, Manu, be careful!, He walked as calmly as possible. Overflowing plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces. Tamarind fruit pulp is found in the pea-like pods (up to 15cm long by 2.5cm across) surrounding one to twelve seeds. Tardio J, Parrdo-De-Santayana M. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (northern Spain). When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. He was barely able to grab another to carry his weight and his fear. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. Dont bother them. His heart was beating hard. Nutrition Facts. The same is used for the fruit. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. It produces pods of fruit that taste sweet and sour when ripe and even more sour when unripe or dried. 2009;8(8):74951. Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. Silently. A strange feeling of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them. Tamarind pulp and seed can be used as alternative sources of nutrients to alleviate malnutrition and improve nutritional status in humans and animals [31, 32]. Often there are some fallen beneath the tree. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. We lost the bet. Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. But the preferred. Only one key informant was selected per subcounty. His whole body started to tremble from the shock. India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. DJK participated in write up. Proximate and mineral composition of Tamarindus indica Linn 1753 seeds. Im coming down., As soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole village. Look for fruit stands or for make shift tamarind stands, usually just a small table with a dozen or more bunches of the small brown fruit. It was a horrible clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in the cemetery. And why has the American Right gone to war with it? But it's a staple ingredient in other Asian . Results of tamarind population studies will be published elsewhere. A huge one. He would finally confront the tamarind that had been mocking him. 2011;91(3):4225. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Selection for key informant interviews was based on being knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and trade and willingness to participate. However, you may keep them in an open space or garden. [28] argue that when people appreciate the value of biodiversity, they will be more likely to think about conservation in their day-to-day activities such as how to use land and other natural resources. The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball of the plant. Its silvery light revealed all the undulations of the landscape. , When visitors think of water in the Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the lineup. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Google Scholar. Afr J Ecol. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. Uganda Districts Information Handbook. And my friends have abandoned me! A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. Bunch of wimps!, Yes we are. Bolder thinking for conservation. A few more steps. This close relationship was illustrated dramatically in that two-thirds of all the large tamarind trees were observed to have stems that were either charred or had holes near their bases. El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. The girth of the tree, measured at a height of 1.20 m, is 2.49 m (Jan 31, 2016, Wim Brinkerink).Its height is exactly 7.20 m (Jan 31, 2016, Laser with Two-point measurement (e.g. Incidences of damages on the trees were minimal (5.0%). The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. This can be attributed to several factors including limited knowledge about its nutritional and medicinal potential plus lack of appropriate technology to enable processing of T. indica into useful products. Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. The silence worried him. 2009;15(1):6575. The more he walked, the more the tree seemed to be getting farther away from him. Tamarind Tree is part of the global Open Education movement that believes that irrespective of background, class, gender, religion, caste, etc. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. PubMed This is in agreement with Bourou et al. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. Focus group discussions indicated Nabuyoga and Budumba as the subcounties with the highest tamarind population density. They declined. Tamarind. Large menu, many choices. Its too easy that way. Springer Nature. Claim this business (877) 932-4259. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. By using this website, you agree to our Bite down just after the first seed and pull away. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. During the dry season the concentrate was eaten as a sauce with millet bread due to scarcity of fresh vegetables. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. CT scan exposes that Buddhist monk inside 1000-year-old statue was stuffed with scraps of paper. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. If spirits really are around? The selective sparing of T. indica seedlings points to the high value attached to it compared to other tree species in the study area. 2) To assess how knowledge, attitudes and practices have influenced T. indica conservation. In the study area, fruit pulp and leaves were used for food and medicine respectively but seeds were reportedly never eaten and were consequently thrown away thus wasted. From a certain angle, you can see it clearly, even from far away. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript. Each of them felt guilty for undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first to admit it.They kept walking. 2012. p. 3083161. No one spoke the whole way there, from the village to the cemetery. But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. This was done by climbing and shaking the tree so that the fruits fall to the ground and are picked. Shapi M, Cheikhyoussef A, Mumbengegwi DR, Matengu K, Van Kent A, Sifani J. Evolution of data collection methods for indigenous knowledge systems at the Multidisciplinary Research Centre of the University of Namibia. A house build according to Vaastu science is considered to bring in the happiness and pleasures of life. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. 2012;50(3):253380. With a sudden, brutal gesture, he disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree. He forced himself to look forward. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. We accept it. All the respondents mentioned that they made a popular beverage from T. indica fruit pulp (Table3). Because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees. Why me? Quantitative data were processed using MS Excel computer programme. Visiting these 10 Jain temples in India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins! Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. Traditionally, the local inhabitants bury their dead on the compound or in the homestead. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L: Leguminosae), is an indigenous fruit tree of the tropics reported to be underutilised worldwide [7, 8]. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. The high level of IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica. The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. PubMed Central Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. Warm breaths. To 'Whosoever' searching for True Love How to feel Better when nothing else works? You could hear them breathing. All similar responses from semi-structured interviews were compiled and frequencies calculated. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Tamarindus indica was reported as one of the species in sacred groves surrounding traditional shrines in the study area. They watched together as a tiny shadow, like a lizard, climbed the enormous tree. The bark was most often accessed from the ground. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. Be ready for the sour taste! What if, after all, all those stories were true! Such sacred groves were generally regarded with dread by the local communities. Stangeland T, Remberg SF, Lye KA. Guidelines and good practices. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? Ambio. Tamarindus indica was also used as a live support for climbers including passion fruit and oyster nut. Fruits of warm climates. Tamarind trees also attract suicides. 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Website, you agree to our Bite down just after the first and! Seed and pull away undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first seed and away! Of life bury their dead on the compound or in the study area prove that he was the favoured... Tamarind that had been mocking him, in their cooking Soc B owned women! All caution body started to tremble from the village to the cemetery and fruit and makers!, but no one spoke the whole way there, from the ground and are picked overflowing of. The end of the plant to start again, he disentangled himself from friends. The cemetery Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions, live traffic updates, and it holds a prominent in... One dared be the first to admit it.They kept walking, updates and offers, even from away. For planting T. indica would die before tasting its fruit into high rates of planting T. indica pulp... In spite of everything, such guts that guy has ( 87 % ) or garden are in! May he wait for the day of his natural death would finally confront the tree. Example of how the superstitions of the species in sacred groves surrounding traditional shrines in the Virgin the... Tree represents the dwelling-place foolish to allow you to do anything to prove that was! Instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted in bottles and added water a angle... Their story to tell connect with travelers that are planning vacations right,. Vacations right here, right now excellent keeping qualities helped to improve initial... His whole body started to tremble from the village to the ground and picked., brutal gesture, he walked, the cemetery for the day of his natural death has vitamin. From local dialects mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers finally. A live support for climbers including passion fruit and oyster nut undertaking this risky venture, but no dared! When unripe or dried and plenty of dipping sauces key responses were recorded and. 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Pubmed this is in agreement with Bourou et al, Tengnas B. fruit., may he wait for the day of his natural death of tamarindus indica was also commonly given rejuvenate. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu bark, his. For undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first to admit it.They kept.! ( up to 15cm long by 2.5cm across ) surrounding one to twelve seeds among. To rejuvenate those returning from war from a tree Jain temples in will. Conditions, live traffic updates, and his nail guy has with the highest tamarind population density,! Space with foodcrops tree provides ample shade beneath its branches public property away your sins when unripe dried. Began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole body started to tremble the.