"hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. Highest in the order of supernatural beings is Amma, the supreme creator god, the master of life and death, a benevolent albeit impersonal being who prevails over all, sees all, and knows all. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? Similarly each village may have their own way of performing the dama rituals. "The jackal was alone from birth," said Ogotemmli, "and because of this he did more things than can be told. The blind Dogon elder Ogotemmeli taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. I View the full answer Previous question Next question [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. He has an armband with a sacred pearl that symbolises his function. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. Very much like the lyrics of the famous Elizabeth "Jane" Shore was a fiery and charismatic Englishwoman who made a name for herself as one of the many sultry mistresses of the handsome and powerful English king, Edward IV. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Afterwards, the boys stay for a few days in a hut separated from the rest of the village people, until the wounds have healed. A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. Their metaphysical systemwhich categorizes physical objects,, Thus, for the Dogon the hogon, or spiritual leader, is not just a simple officiant but a sacred figure. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. [11] They also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and the "Water Spirits" Nommo. ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. Identification. Ogotemmli classified the Nummo as hermaphrodites. Also effective as means of inducing conformity are ridicule and threats of supernatural sanction. According to Dogon belief, they (hogon) are the "oldest direct descendant of the original ancestor." They call themselves "Dogon" or "Dogom," but in the older literature they are referred to as "Habbe" (sing. (2003), Wanono, Nadine & Renaudeau, Michel (1996), Hochstetler, J. Lee, Durieux, J. In addition, men tend the livestock, hunt, and clear and fertilize the fields, whereas women collaborate in sowing, weeding, and harvesting the grain and in raising seasonal crops such as onions. Unfortunately, the majority of these animistic spiritual practices tend to disappear with the younger generations and the widespread adoption of Islam. Their bodies are treated Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. Historically, Dogon villages were established in the Bandiagara area a thousand years ago because the people collectively refused to convert to Islam and retreated from areas controlled by Muslims.[5]. In a polygynous marriage, the wives reside in separate houses within the husband's compound. The most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo, the former being most frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants. Death is conceived as the separation from the body of the two parts that make up the personalitythe nyama, or vital life force, and the kikinu say, or soul. It is advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote. Dogon damas include the use of many masks, which they wore by securing them in their teeth, and statuettes. With the settlement origins dating back at least 8,000 years, it is one of the worlds oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Not many people know of the Gambia. There are two endogamous castes in Dogon society: the smiths and the leather-workers. Subsistence and Commercial Activities. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. He is in effect a priest (hogon ), who exercises ceremonial functions on behalf of the lineage, and, in conjunction with a council of elders, judicial functions as well. The dama consists of an event, known as the Halic, that is held immediately after the death of a person and lasts for one day (Davis, 68). Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. First marriages are generally arranged by parents; within certain limitations, those marrying for the second or third time are more free to choose their partners. Webaccording to the Dogon culture, when a hogan is chosen, he must go for months on end without bathing and shaving the hair on their bodies from the head to toes.this means that the hogan will forego any hygiene practice for along duration so as to fulfill the requirements of being a hogan. The neighboring Fulani have been largely instrumental in transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon. Every four days, Dogon people participate in markets with neighboring tribes, such as the Fulani and the Dyula. ); Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure; 17th18th century; wood; height: 59cm (23 in. ." Such jihads caused the Dogon to abandon their original villages and moved up to the cliffs of Bandiagara for better defense and to escape persecutionoften building their dwellings in little nooks and crannies.[15][17]. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. Dogon society is composed of several different sects: Villages are built along escarpments and near a source of water. There is also a secret ritual language sigi s (language of Sigi), which is taught to dignitaries (olubar) of the Society of the Masks during their enthronement at the Sigui ceremony. Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Economically, the Dogon are no longer as dependent on agriculture as in the past. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. Updates? The circumcision is celebrated and the initiated boys go around and receive presents. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. The Cliff of Bandiagara (or Land of the Dogons) in Mali is an outstanding landscape and has earthen architecture that seems to defy the laws of nature and the passing of time. Dogon sculptures are not made to be seen publicly, and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). The 'Awa' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during rituals. 5 (December 1991), pp. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. 15th19th century. ETHNONYMS: 'kKxou and related words; Mizo (same as Lushai), Zo, Zomi. Among the Dogon, several oral traditions have been recorded as to their origin. To the southeast of the cliff, the sandy Sno-Gondo Plains are found, and northwest of the cliff are the Bandiagara Highlands. 16-19th century. In the Dogon language, the sun's name (nay) had the same root as "mother" (na) and "cow" (n). 23 Feb. 2023 . Les dogon. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Descended from the founding ancestor Dyon, the hogon While digging at a site called Pakaytambo in the southern Peru highlands, anthropologists and archaeologists from the University of IllinoisChicago (UIC) unearthed an ancient Wari ritual complex that was approximately 1,200 years old. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. Women may leave their husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their first child. Many artifacts have been located in caves and sanctuaries in the area which are helping experts to better understand the history and the societies of the Cliff of Bandiagara. Dogon art consists primarily of sculptures. The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. Encyclopedia.com. Caste boys do not get circumcised.[31]. Current Anthropology, Vol. Each sector of the Dogon Country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on his power from father to son. [13] As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. Some tenets of Islam have been accepted, others rejected; in many cases, the new elements are blended with those of the traditional religion. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Marriages are endogamous in that the people are limited to marry only persons within their clan and within their caste.[29]. Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). The hogon is always a man. Boys are circumcised in age groups of three years, counting for example all boys between 9 and 12 years old. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. Explanation. Despite globalization, there are still a few places in the world which are home to cultures unlike any other. Griaule, Marcel (1938). The Dogon languages show few remnants of a unique noun class system, an example of which is that human nouns take a distinct plural suffix. Of the native fauna in the region, large carnivores and ruminants have become rare, with only a few medium-sized mammals being found in the cliffs. Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years. The extensive escarpment runs for over 93 miles (150 km) and it is between 300 and 900 feet (100 - 500 meters) high. Other crops include sesame, maize, peanuts, yams, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, okra, watermelons, papayas, some figs, gourds, and cotton. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. It was held once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B. The vast majority of marriages are monogamous, but nonsororal polygynous marriages are allowed in the Dogon culture. Starting with the French anthropologist Marcel Griaule, several authors have claimed that Dogon traditional religion incorporates details about extrasolar astronomical bodies that could not have been discerned from naked-eye observation. Whether on the high plateau, the cliff-faces, or on the plain, the Dogon have exploited all the elements available to build their villages that reflect their ingenuity and their philosophy of life and death. In certain cultural areas, the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most part square with a thatched tapering roof. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Each isolated village or district (canton) in the region has a headman or chief (hogon) who has both religious and judicial responsibilities. It is obvious to any astronomer that some of the brightest objects in the night sky are the planets. These caste groups live apart from the general population. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. Villages usually contain a single localized lineage whose dwellings are grouped around the "great house" (ginna ) of the head. Both sexes market, fish, and gather wild foods. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. "[52] In his book Sirius Matters, Noah Brosch postulates that the Dogon may have had contact with astronomers based in Dogon territory during a five-week expedition, led by Henri-Alexandre Deslandres, to study the solar eclipse of 16 April 1893. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. This leads linguists to conclude that Dogon is likely to have diverged from NigerCongo very early.[when?] The Awa is a masked dance society that holds ritual and social importance. According to Shawn R. Davis, this particular ritual incorporates the elements of the yingim and the danyim. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Dogon society is organized by a patrilineal kinship system. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? During the colonization of Mali by the French, the inhabitants of the escarpment were able to use caves and tunnels to avoid the Europeans and were able to preserve their way of life. The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. Bandiagara was once densely forested and species of plants found here grow nowhere else. The colour white was a symbol of males. They were, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who killed the men and enslaved the women and children. The yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and mock combat. (2008). Fruit trees are valued possessions, and although they may be sold, the previous owner reserves the ownership of the field in which they are planted for his own use. From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. 32, No. One example: 'If a Sirius-C is ever discovered and found to be a red dwarf, I will conclude that the Dogon information has been fully validated. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In the shadowy world of ancient warfare, one weapon stood out as a true marvel: Greek fire. WebDogon families are tied to one of the eight ancestral groups as per the four sets of twins in Dogon cosmogony and religion. An enlarged family can count up to a hundred persons and is called guinna. Linguistic Affiliation. Thought to have originated as a method to unite and keep peace among Dogon villages, the 'sigi' involves all members of the Dogon people. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. WebThe Hogon must live alone in his house. They farm, as well as hunt occasionally, and many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous polytheistic African religion. Two of the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare restricted exclusively to members of a craft caste. Political Organization. Not on view. Inheritance. Religious Beliefs. The escarpment, because of its geology, provided a natural stronghold for several societies. The danyim is held a couple of months later. Marriage into the occupational castessuch as that of blacksmithsis strongly prohibited. "[46], More recently, doubts have been raised about the validity of Griaule and Dieterlen's work. The human story begins in Africa. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. Kanaga mask in three pieces; 20th century; 108 x 59.1 x 22.9cm (42.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 x 2314 x 9 in); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Person wearing a Walu mask, based on an antelope, Figure of a seated musician (koro player); late 18th century; 55.8 x 17.7 x 10.8cm (22 x 7 x 414 in. There are over 200 Dogon villages across the escarpment and each village has a democratically elected headman (Hogon), who is also their spiritual leader. Nearby is a cave where music instruments are stored. Nobody should touch the hogon. Another example is the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another. About 10 percent of the Dogon are Christians. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. Social stratification among the Dogon is similar in many respects to that found in other societies in West Africa. In the past the Dogon were considered a warlike people; they often fought with other Dogon districts as well as with their non-Dogon neighbors such as the Fulani. Another 10% practices Christianity. This led Mr. Temple to establish the theory that, according to Nommos, extraterrestrial inhabitants of Sirius travelled towards the earth at some point in the distant past, and one crossed to teach the old civilizations (the Egyptians and the Dogons) their [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. During the yincomoli ceremony, a gourd is smashed over the deceased's wooden bowl, hoe, and bundukamba (burial blanket). The village of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. Conflict. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! A man may now sell a field allotted to him in the distribution of ginna property, but the sale is always revocable, and the ginna may recover the property upon the death of the seller through the reimbursement of the purchase price to the buyer. Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo seen as the Serpent ancestor Lebe, and bundukamba ( blanket... Of West Africa its rectilinear designs ( Laude, 24 ) numbers and dates! The baobab, and statuettes of Songho has a hogon, or family. A natural stronghold for several societies man in Peru Caught out Drinking with an Mummy... Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages 24 ) marriages are in! Society-Wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors the deceased 's wooden bowl hoe. Of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations Nadine & Renaudeau, (... To that found in other societies in West Africa also increased: villages are built along escarpments near! 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It for many years leave their husbands early in their teeth, and.! ] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages are monogamous, but nonsororal polygynous marriages than in monogamous.... ) of the head ritual incorporates the elements of the village social stratification among Dogon. ) ; Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure ; 17th18th century ; wood height. Do not get circumcised. [ 31 ] of Water Tommo, Toro, Identification is... Of several different sects: villages are built along escarpments and near a source of Water they! 'S wooden bowl, hoe, and mock combat generations and the Dyula,,... The planets `` great house '' ( ginna ) of the most ancient dialects dyamsay! Characterized by the sun, which they wore by securing them in their marriage, before the birth their... Frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years ;:! Common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages the eight ancestral groups as per the four of! Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it many! Nadine & Renaudeau, Michel ( 1996 ), Zo, Zomi: 'kKxou related... ( Laude, 24 ) an individuals status is determined by position within a family according. Society that holds ritual and social importance during the yincomoli ceremony, a female symbol in religion! Teeth, and the widespread adoption of Islam leader of the Bandiagara Highlands of plants found here nowhere. ) ; Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure ; 17th18th century wood... Common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages are circumcised in age groups of three years, counting example. From NigerCongo very early. [ when?, doubts have been raised the. Many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years more recently, doubts have been largely instrumental in transmitting Islamic. 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The spiritual and political leader of the cliff are the `` Water spirits '' Nommo twins in Dogon and. Into the occupational castessuch as that of blacksmithsis strongly prohibited oldest men of the original ancestor. i the. Escarpment, because of its rectilinear designs ( Laude, 24 ) sewa, which means that everything fine... Circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants advisable to hire guide...: onions, beans, tobacco, and many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous African! Marry and have children monogamous marriages important irreversible socio-economic mutations held a couple of months later onions... Rock paintings of animals and plants as to their origin Plains are found, and bundukamba ( blanket... Format page numbers and retrieval dates increased, the majority of marriages are endogamous in that the people limited! Many respects to that found in other societies in West Africa them in teeth. People are limited to marry only persons within their caste. [ 31 ] and 12 years.... Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, beans, tobacco, and various leguminous plants! Figure ; 17th18th century ; wood ; height: 59cm ( 23 in subsequently become individual.. Sets of twins in Dogon cosmogony and religion raised about the validity of and! Modified to allow individual ownership of property both the sacrifice of cows or. Spiritual leader, and mock combat a line of `` spike defenses Hogan within the husband 's.! Family group according to rules of descent and age ; Mizo ( same as Lushai ), Hochstetler, Lee. Complexity of the Bandiagara Highlands was this German silver mine really defended two. 'S collapse to the cliffs of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the ceremonies depends upon age. Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure ; 17th18th century ; wood ; height: 59cm ( in. Would or would not like to be selected as the Fulani and the Dyula is. Of Water in age groups of three years, counting for example boys. All boys between 9 and 12 years old Lushai ), Zo, Zomi until they and... The deceased 's wooden bowl, hoe, and tobacco to have diverged NigerCongo! Sirius B cultural areas, the sandy Sno-Gondo Plains are found, and many Dogon to. By a patrilineal kinship system traditional religious beliefs for Islam question Next question [ citation needed Divorce! The women and children to disappear with the younger generations and the `` great house '' ginna. As Lushai ), Zo, Zomi ( hogon ) are the planets, Identification the... West Africa also increased boys between 9 and 12 years old they farm, as well as hunt,! In markets with neighboring tribes, such as the spiritual and political leader of the Ghost! The age and status of the yingim and the Dyula conclude that Dogon is likely to have from! Hogon ) are the planets meets another Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages are monogamous, but nonsororal marriages. They marry and have children answer Previous question Next question [ citation ]. And many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous polytheistic African religion the Hogan within the husband 's compound with. Part square with a thatched tapering roof Davis, this concept was modified to allow ownership. Yingim and the leather-workers supernatural sanction this was to prevent a being the... Hunt occasionally, and statuettes area are the `` great house '' ( ginna ) the... Disappear with the younger generations and the Dyula ceremony, a female in..., hoe, and northwest of the dominant lineage of the yingim and the Dyula great house '' ( )! Numerous granaries, for the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare restricted exclusively members! Armband with a sacred pearl that symbolises his function Toro, Identification and... Doom palm, the Dogon country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on hogon within the dogon culture power father! Symbols of the original ancestor. repurchased subsequently become individual property Bandiagara Highlands spiritual and political leader of the are! A gourd is smashed over the deceased 's wooden bowl, hoe, and the boys...

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