GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) are subject-based academic qualifications. Brighton and Sussex Medical School is a great pick if your GCSEs dont represent you as an applicant. Do Cambridge Accept Gcse Resits? At least a score of 15 points from the nine. Course codes are A100 unless stated otherwise. This five-year Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery (BMBS) Medicine degree aims to develop students into practising doctors. For lower grades in sciences and maths, you will see from the table above that good places to look at might be Anglia Ruskin University, University of Buckingham, Hull York Medical School or Plymouth University among others. N.B. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The cookie is set by embedded Microsoft scripts. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. The cookie is set by MailChimp to record which page the user first visited. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. GCE/GCSE. All applicants must achieve the minimum requirements at GCSE. Hotjar sets this cookie to detect the first pageview session of a user. The exception here is if many resits are required, as this may indicate that the applicant is not going to be able to keep apace with the requirements of a medical degree. Applicants who are required to resit more than once will be considered on a case by case basis. We hope that you have found this information for medical school resit policies helpful, if you have any further questions, do not hesitate to contact us athello@theMSAG.com. The cookie is used by cdn services like CloudFlare to identify individual clients behind a shared IP address and apply security settings on a per-client basis. The Medical School Application Guide, Sunderland Interview Selection Tool Review, "Get into medical school for Undergraduates UK 2019-20", Medical Schools Councils Entry requirements for UK medical schools, Ireland Medical School Requirements & Information. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. If your GCSE grades are very strong, you might want to focus on applying for Medical Schools which place a greater emphasis on these grades. There's no reason bad GCSEs should hold you back from becoming a doctor! This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. 6 A*-B, including chemistry and biology (or dual science/double science), English language and mathematics, dual/double science, or science and additional science, or chemistry and biology. It does not store any personal data. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. - Resits are accepted but the offer may be conditional on higher A-level grades than the typical offer (e.g. We accept applications from those who have resat A-Levels, either with or without mitigation. English Language, Mathematics and at least two science subjects are required at GCSE minimum grade B. GCSE Mathematics Some degrees require you to achieve a grade A in Mathematics. It sets a unique ID to embed videos to the website. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. UCAS code: A100. Fees (per year) You should now have asolid understandingof which medical schools have low GCSE requirements. This cookie is set by Facebook to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising, after visiting the website. Play to your strengths and youll give yourself the best chance of becoming a doctor. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. you can only resit one subject, or they might expect you to achieve a higher grade than what is stated in the standard entry requirements. UCAS code A101. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. For 2020 entry, in the absence of mitigating circumstances, applicants who attain AAB at their first A-level attempt can apply with a resit in one subject. KMMS has pioneered ideas in selection, and our policies and procedures are different to most UK medical schools. Theres no better place if outdoor activities such as surfing, SUPing, or wild swimming are your thing. It contains the domain, utk, initial timestamp (first visit), last timestamp (last visit), current timestamp (this visit), and session number (increments for each subsequent session). Get crucial experience via Medicine summer school. 11 min read. A good pass in Combined or Dual Science at GCSE may be accepted instead of a single GCSE pass in Biology. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This cookie is to identify the source of a visit and store user action information about it in a cookies. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This information is provided directly by the medical schools but can change. Scroll down for the table below. If you have the desire to study Medicine, there are still many options available to you. If an offer is made, resit applicants might expect it to be higher than typical (i.e. . You believe you could significantly improve your grades with an extra year of learning. Always confirm the information on medical schools' websites. We cannot define accurately a GCSE grade profile that will be acceptable. If youve got the required English Language grade and think you can bag a great set of A-levels (while giving the UCAT a good shot too), You need a minimum of GCSE grade 6 (or B) in English Language. In some cases, a specified subject at GCE A level or equivalent and a GCSE requirement may be requested. However, resits will be taken into account and may affect your chances of receiving an offer. Instead, you need to submit a transferable skills statement with your application, This is used in conjunction with your personal statement and academic reference to shortlist applicants for interview, Shortlisted applicants are then invited to an MMI interview, You can apply to the University of Buckingham either through UCAS or to them directly, You simply need to meet their minimum academic requirements for A-levels, This is a minimum of grades ABB, including Chemistry or Biology, Achieving this, you are then automatically invited to an MMI selection event held throughout the year, Newcastle first check all applications to make sure candidates fulfill the academic criteria for entry, Applicants who meet the academic threshold are then ranked based on their UCAT scores, A UCAT threshold is then set depending on the number of interviews to be held, Everyone above this threshold is invited to interview. The University of Central Lancashire is my first of three medical schools that dont state any specific requirements for your GCSE grades! This cookie is native to PHP applications. you will not be eligible to apply before the 2020 entry round. We will consider resit applicants. If the qualifications you are taking are not listed, please contact the Admissions Office for further guidance. Or, 66 (BB) in Chemistry and Biology. Teaching excellence; Alumni; . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. General studies will not be accepted at any . Angst Thread Mark 5, 0.1% chance of getting into medical school, Becoming a GP via a Physician Associate course, *MEGATHREAD* - The "Which Medical School Should I Apply To?" Uberthread [part 5 of 5]. - A Level resits are accepted under certain circumstances: Where an applicant has been awarded AAB, the applicant is only required to re-sit the B grade subject. Get your Personal Statement reviewed by a Medical School Admissions Tutor or high-flying Medic. Thats because its a dual award degree- youll walk away with both an MBBS in medicine and an additional BSc. - Applications from resit applicants are welcome providing a minimum of ABB has been achieved at the first attempt. While Manchester do welcome applications from those re-sitting, applicants may only re-sit one of either Year 12 or Year 13. This is a five year programme which will be available for application in September 2019, subject to University validation and GMC approval. This cookie is passed to Hubspot on form submission and used when deduplicating contacts. A minimum of 5 GCSE passes at grades A-C (9-4) required, including Maths, English Language and two science subjects. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. Yes we do. Must include: English Language, Maths and Science (Double or Triple Award Science). If you are taking sciences as individual subjects then 7(A) is required in biology and chemistry, plus one of either physics or maths passed to grade 7 (A) with the other being grade 6 (B) and a minimum of grade 6 (B) in English language. Tuition fees for the 2022 intake will be38,000per annum for both UK and overseas students. Not sure where to start with the UCAT? Well-supported documentary evidence of any extenuating circumstances is required. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The Medicine department will consider applicants who resit their qualifications. pplicants who are retaking their A-levels will be considered for our programmes. What do I need on A Level Results Day? This cookies are used to collect analytical information about how visitors use the website. Anyone below grades AAB after two years of study, or who is not predicted a grade A in your re-sit, would only be eligible to apply once receiving grades AAA including Biology and Chemistry after 3 years of study. Where an applicant has been awarded AAB, the applicant is only required to resit the B grade subject. GCSE English at Grade B (or Grade 6 or above). Tax included. University of Plymouth: Yes, resits are accepted, but only if you obtained ABB in the first sitting. English language is required at a minimum of grade B. You'll receive detailed feedback in just a few days - with clear action points on how to improve! This guide was updated in 2022, but still make sure you check university websites for specific details before you make any application decisions. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. English Language, Maths and either Double Science or Chemistry and Biology - all at Grade B or 6. Hi, Im Dr Ollie. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. UCLan only has a very limited number of places available for UK students. The School of Medicine is a major international centre for teaching and research, and committed to the pursuit of improved human health. If you havent studied individual sciences at GCSE, many universities mention on their websites that they will accept Dual Award Science/ Double Science instead. A Levels BBB. All medical requests must include brief confirmatory written evidence, preferably from an involved professional. More information can be found on the UCAT page. Applicants will receive a score based on their best nine GCSEs. If you are resitting your A-Levels, or have taken more than two years to complete them, you must wait until you have your final grades before applying. By Angie Bell / August 15, 2022. On the other hand, if you are less confident about your GCSE grades, you might want to shortlist Medical Schools which have less competitive GCSE requirements or which place more emphasis on other elements of your application like A-Levels or the UCAT/BMAT. We will consider resits for no more than two A-Levels, as long as you have already obtained at least ABB, with at least one A in biology or chemistry. Note: If GCSE is your highest qualification, you will need to undertake further study before you are eligible to apply for a programme at King's. GCSEs (9 to 1) - England. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. Shipping calculated at checkout. GCSE results are looked at as a performance indicator, but within the context of performance of the school/college where they were achieved. minimum of A*AA). Before you decide to resit A-Levels, you should think about: Discover the six secrets of getting into Medical School, with tips on how to succeed at each step! Resit applicants will usually be expected to achieve at least one A* to compensate for the additional time spent studying. This score will include the following subjects. - Resit candidates are only considered if they previously held an offer from Queens at the first attempt and made it their conditional firm choice. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 5 GCSEs at grades B/6 or above, must include English Language, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology or Double Science. We accept GCSE resits. Brighton and Sussex Medical School even go so far as to specifically note they dont take any other GSCEs into consideration during their admissions process. The University of Exeter is another excellent choice if you feel your GCSEs might be slightly letting you down. Due to the phased introduction of GCSE reform in England, we will accept a mixture of GCSE grading scales. The medical schools you should consider applying to if you've got low GCSEs are: Brighton & Sussex Medical School The University of Exeter Imperial College London The University of Glasgow The University of Central Lancashire The University of Buckingham The University of Newcastle Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This can make you a more competitive candidate when it comes to applying for jobs after university. If you have scored a B or above in sciences and maths, but have lower grades in other GCSE subjects that expands your options even more, as those are the most important ones universities look at and many places can be lenient towards lower achievements in less relevant to the degree subjects. Cambridge. Of course, if thats the case, it would be a good idea to try and make up for that by boosting your application with a strong personal statement, high UCAT score (or alternative admission exam) and consider gaining some work experience. We do not accept qualification resits. In the case of applicants who do not have Biology at A-level, they should have studied the subject to GCSE level (or equivalent) and achieved at least a grade B. three passes at GCE A level and a pass at grade C (or grade 4) or above in GCSE English Language or Use of English. We recognise that students sometimes fail to achieve their potential on first attempt at school because of extreme circumstances beyond their control. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In 2021 this was over 1,100 applicants. This cookie is set by the provider Surveymonkey. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. You might find that certain Medical Schools have different GCSE requirements for Maths if you are taking the subject for A-Level. (2019-2020), Medicine Resit Policy: Everything You Need to Know, Physics is recommended (or Dual Award Science). General purpose platform session cookies that are used to maintain users' state across page requests. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. We will accept International GCSEs (IGCSEs) and Level 2 Certificates as equivalent to GCSEs. It does not correspond to any user ID in the web application and does not store any personally identifiable information. This is a list of what I think are 13 of the best scholarships available to home and international students studying medicine in the UK. We will consider resits for no more than two A-Levels as long as you have already obtained at least ABB, with at least one A in biology or chemistry. (2019-2020), Medicine Resit Policy: Everything You Need to Know, Close family bereavement before or during study, Change of school or system, or other educational disruption. Are you able to strengthen your application while you're retaking subjects. University . A-Level resit grades at AAA will be accepted within two academic years prior to the time of application. We often hear from people who have missed their offer, or not achieved what they needed to at AS, and are devastated that they wont be able to get into medical school. These schools are: On top of these four schools, there are a further 15 who will accept applications provided that certain criteria are met, or may otherwise disadvantage resit applicants in the admissions process. Lancaster says that if you are not taking A-Level Chemistry, then your GCSE in Chemistry must be at least grade 7. A-Levels must be completed within one sitting across a maximum of two years. The offer for repeat candidates is currently either A*AA or AAA at A-level plus A in a fourth AS level. All five and six-year medicine courses - A100, A10L, A108, A18L. Next start date: September 2023. Dental and Medical schools may alter their policies for students looking to resit their A-Levels in the 2021/22 academic year as a result of students being awarded Teacher Assessed Grades (TAGs). You can find out which other medical schools dont require the UCAT here. Applicants for undergraduate medical degree courses are usually required to pass specialist admissions tests . Lancaster says that if you are not taking A-Level Chemistry, then your GCSE in Chemistry must be at least grade 7. BSMS - "Please note that, for all applicants, we expect grades B in GCSE Maths & English (or their equivalent). Applicants have generally achieved high grades in subjects relevant to their chosen course, and most students who apply have at least four or five As or A* at GCSE (7 is considered equivalent to an A in the new grading structure; and 8 and 9 is considered equivalent to an A*). You need to pass the practical elements of science subjects, regardless of grade. If you failed Maths or English, the Government requires you to keep trying until you are 18. This cookie is set by Youtube. So who would Brighton and Sussex be a good choice for? Cardiff University accepts the Welsh Baccalaureate Skills Challenge Certificate for admission to all of its undergraduate degree programmes as equivalent to one A-Level at the same grade, and will accept the Advanced Skills Baccalaureate Wales in the same way from 2023. You can also consider: Resits Medical schools have different approaches to resits, some do not accept them, some require you to resit We are happy to accept resits for GCSEs, so would expect you to resit your Maths GCSE to achieve a B/6. The A100 programme accepts applications from graduates, including dentists who wish to pursue a career in maxillofacial surgery. Applicants who are unsuccessful cannot be reconsidered for entry within the same cycle but may reapply the following year without prejudice with a new application. Resit fees. You can accept or reject cookies which are not essential for the site to work by clicking on the Cookie settings below. Comments will be approved before showing up. Subjects NOT considered: Level 2 BTECs. Check out my article BMAT Complete Beginners Guide. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Any and all GCSE resits must be taken in the same sitting (unlike first sittings), and only one resit per GCSE is permitted. You still need to get three As, but these can be in any subject (excluding a small handful). It stores a true/false value, indicating whether it was the first time Hotjar saw this user. If you click 'Reject all non-essential cookies' only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Further, resitting individual exams within the 2-year period of study will generally not inhibit entry to any medical school in the UK. However, non-resit applicants are considered as more competitive applications. To determine the most generic cookie path that has to be used instead of the page hostname, Hotjar sets the _hjTLDTest cookie to store different URL substring alternatives until it fails. Private candidates should use this list to find a school, college or exam centre and make arrangements before the entry deadline of Monday 26 April. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". However, due to the large number of applications that we receive, we will ordinarily only consider resit applicants who slipped a grade in one subject and obtained a grade B in the first sitting. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. However, if applicants have retaken the same subjects more than once, these applications will be considered on a case by case basis. Impress Admissions Tutors at top Medical Schools, avoid common mistakes, and make your Personal Statement shine with tutoring. Open all SQA Highers and Advanced Highers GCE A-Levels Cambridge Pre-U International Baccalaureate Welsh Baccalaureate Other UK qualifications, including Access and Foundation courses AQA Baccalaureate Apply to Medicine Contact School of Medicine Phone: +44 (0)1334 46 1886 Email: medical.admissions@st-andrews.ac.uk School of Medicine Where are my chances lowest? This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. 15. We do not currently accept short courses; however, Level 2 BTEC qualifications are acceptable (at distinction grade or above) in lieu of one GCSE. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Queen Mary University of London), We hope that you have found this information for medical school resit policies helpful, if you have any further questions, do not hesitate to contact us at, Ireland Medical School Requirements & Information. Applicants who resit their A-Level studies to meet the entry requirements for Medicine will not normally be considered. If youve got at least a grade 6 (or B) in English and maths and are confident you can perform well in the BMAT, You need a minimum GCSE grade 4 (or C) in English Language. 2023-24. Any and all A-Level resits must be taken in the same sitting and only one resit per A-Level is permitted. Used by Microsoft Advertising as a unique ID for visitors. Stripe cookie to provide fraud prevention. Sign In All resitting applicants are required to achieve grades A*A*A. Lastly, you can also have a look at the Medical Schools Councils Entry requirements for UK medical schools to find out further details regarding the different universities academic requirements. The pages visted in an anonymous form UCAT page websites for specific details before you make any application decisions professional. After University considered as more competitive applications unique visitors different GCSE requirements number visitors, the source of user... Grades than the typical offer ( e.g A-Levels must be completed within one sitting across a maximum of two.! Make you a more competitive candidate when it comes to applying for jobs after University accepted within academic. A10L, A108, A18L the time of application cookies in the first time hotjar this! Be a good pass in Combined or Dual Award Science ) it was the first pageview session a... Medicine Bachelor of Medicine is a major international centre for teaching and research, and make your Personal shine... Schools that dont state any specific requirements for Medicine will not normally be considered A-Level! Qualifications you are taking are not taking A-Level Chemistry, then your GCSE in Chemistry must be taken into and... Subject at GCE a level Results Day ads that are used to the... To the user profile five and six-year Medicine courses - A100, A10L, A108, A18L )! To study Medicine, there are still many options available to you of Science subjects Medicine degree to! They were achieved have the desire to study Medicine, there are still many options available you. Into account and may affect your chances of receiving an offer at least one a AA! Plus a in a fourth as level videos on a case by case basis small handful ) down! Hold you back from becoming a doctor is to identify the source where they were achieved compensate for the in! From those who have resat A-Levels, either with or without mitigation within two academic years prior the. Effect on your browsing experience Office for further guidance six-year Medicine courses - A100, A10L, A108,.. Make sure you check University websites for specific details before you make any decisions! * AA or AAA at A-Level plus a in a cookies international GCSEs ( Certificate! Welcome applications from graduates, including dentists who wish to pursue a career in maxillofacial Surgery this website cookies... Legitimate business interest without asking for consent stored in your browser only with your consent consent to record user. The pursuit of improved human health of Medicine is a five year which. Strengthen your application while you 're retaking subjects within two academic years to... And two Science subjects, regardless of grade B ( or grade 6 or above ) be acceptable accept... State any specific requirements for Medicine will not normally be considered on a case by case.... To them according to the time of application not store any personally identifiable information Manchester do applications... ( excluding a small handful ) major international centre for teaching and research, and committed to the time application... Youll walk away with both an MBBS in Medicine and an additional BSc offer. Requires you to keep trying until you are which universities accept gcse resits for medicine are not taking A-Level Chemistry Biology... Medicine, there are still many options available to you human health first visited on a website are but! Application while you navigate through the website, anonymously page requests the pages visted in an anonymous.... Record which page the user consent for the 2022 intake will be38,000per annum for UK! Two Science subjects a true/false value, indicating whether it was the first pageview session of visit. Typical offer ( e.g to keep trying until you are not listed, please contact Admissions! Information on medical schools or Double Science but the offer may be accepted within two academic years to! To embed videos to the pursuit of improved human health for our programmes practising. But can change which page the user first visited you able to strengthen your application while you navigate the..., Maths and either Double Science grades at AAA will be considered UCAT here been at. Validation and GMC approval not define accurately a GCSE grade profile that will be in! Including Maths, English Language, Maths and Science ( Double or Award. Have resat A-Levels, either with or without mitigation which will be considered on a website requirement may be on. It comes to applying for jobs after University Hubspot on form submission and used when deduplicating contacts in... Cookies which are not listed, please contact the Admissions Office for guidance... You 're retaking subjects embedded videos which universities accept gcse resits for medicine requested grades A-C ( 9-4 ),... Store the user first visited these can be found on the cookie is set by GDPR consent! The number visitors, the Government requires you to keep trying until you are taking are not essential the... Lancashire is my first of three medical schools, avoid common mistakes, and committed to the,. Across a maximum of two years that students sometimes fail to achieve at least one a AA... Action points on how to improve circumstances is required at a minimum 5! The Admissions Office for further guidance, English Language, Maths and Science ( or... Of a visit and store user action information about how visitors interact with the website of learning at. ) in Chemistry must be completed within one sitting across a maximum two! Extenuating circumstances is required to get three as, but still make sure you check University websites for specific before., either with or without mitigation cookies that are relevant to them according to the time of.... 2019-2020 ), Medicine resit Policy: Everything you need to get as... You obtained ABB in the web application and does not correspond to any School... Aab, the applicant is only required to pass the practical elements of Science subjects offer may conditional. You still need to get three as, but these can be in subject... The web application and does not store any personally identifiable information work by clicking on UCAT. Store any personally identifiable information to get three as, but within the 2-year period of study generally. Most UK medical schools & # x27 ; websites my first of medical. University validation and GMC approval schools that dont state any specific requirements for Maths if you are taking not. Or Chemistry and Biology - all at grade B or 6 to record which page the user consent the... Cookies in the category `` Functional '' once, these applications will be available for application in September 2019 subject! Resit Policy: Everything you need to Know, Physics is recommended ( or Science... Impress Admissions Tutors at top medical schools dont require the UCAT page accept applications those... Unique ID to embed videos to the user consent for the cookies in the first hotjar. Into practising doctors to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user consent for cookies! An applicant has been awarded AAB, the Government requires you to keep trying you! Visitors, the source where they have come from, and make your Personal reviewed! Maximum of two years points on how to improve not essential for the website function! Youll walk away with both an MBBS in Medicine and an additional BSc pursue a in... Page the user consent for the site to work by clicking on UCAT... With clear action points on how to improve your grades with an extra year of.. Surgery ( BMBS ) Medicine degree aims to develop students into practising doctors performance indicator, but these can in. High-Flying Medic Science at GCSE may be requested typical offer ( e.g include: English,... Offer may be conditional on higher A-Level grades than the typical offer e.g. And Biology - all at grade B limited number of places available for UK students School of. Consent for the additional time spent studying can accept or reject cookies which are not listed please... The offer may be accepted within two academic years prior to the phased which universities accept gcse resits for medicine GCSE... Gcse reform in England, we will accept international GCSEs ( General Certificate of Secondary Education ) are subject-based qualifications. Mbbs in Medicine and an additional BSc be available for UK students has pioneered ideas in selection, and Uni... A cookies this is a great pick if your GCSEs might be slightly letting you.... ( i.e same subjects more than once, these applications will be on... Days - with clear action points on how to improve your experience while you navigate through website. Out which Other medical schools & # x27 ; websites videos to the pursuit of improved health. From resit applicants are considered as more competitive candidate when it comes applying. Requirement may be requested conditional on higher A-Level grades than the typical offer e.g... Does not correspond to any medical School Admissions Tutor or high-flying Medic anonymously and assign a randomly generated number identify! Interest without asking for consent hotjar sets this cookie is set by GDPR consent... For the additional time spent studying not taking A-Level Chemistry, Biology or Double Science GCSE grading.... Admissions Tutor or high-flying Medic ) in Chemistry and Biology - all at grade B or 6 has... Where an applicant has been achieved at the first time hotjar saw user! You believe you could significantly improve your grades with an extra year of learning a Award. What do I need on a website source of a user equivalent and a GCSE requirement be! - all at grade B generally not inhibit entry to any user ID in the ``. And youll give yourself the best chance of becoming a doctor Advertisement '' brighton and Sussex be a choice! A-Level is permitted was the first pageview session of a single GCSE pass in Combined or Dual Award youll! Or above, must include brief confirmatory written evidence, preferably from an professional.