a) a line that connects the peaks and valleys of an area b) the lava forms a ropy texture e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: What does the porosity of a material depend on? b) reverse d) uncompacted clay what type of aquifer is an artesian well associated with? c) hardness a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore d) dry wash d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not d) composite volcano, which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? b) have different types of geological hazards c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. 3 Groundwater Occurrence in Earth Materials, 4 Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, Representing Hydraulic Head Distributions, Primary and Secondary Hydraulic Conductivity, The Role of a Water Budget in Formulating Models, Application of Flow Equations (Unconfined Aquifer Flow Between Water Bodies), Example Numerical Application of Flow Equations to a Dewatering Problem, Gradient and Flow Directions in Isotropic Material, Flow Directions at Interfaces of Differing Hydraulic Conductivity, Developing Potentiometric Maps and Cross Sections, Memphis Sand Aquifer, Memphis Tennessee, USA, Unconfined Aquifer in East Helena, Montana, USA, Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow, Next: 3.3 Primary and Secondary Porosity. b) rolling sand grains along the surface Permeability For groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. c) the rock broke apart as it flowed b) abyssal plain what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? c) Delaware, Maryland Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. a) when weakening of an ocean current results in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. In-situ- add chemicals to clean it up or microorganisms, area filled with air and water above the water table, water table mimics land surface but does not have same, relief c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. a) normal b) perched e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? a) to observe the changes in the fossil record b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships a) water pressure a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes b) abyssal plain c) in the southern hemisphere e) we use all of these techniques, what is associated with reversed magnetic polarity? b) lithosphere a) how environments are shifted in location through time Groundwater flows at right angles to the equipotential lines in the same way that water flowing down a slope would flow at right angles to the contour lines. a) mostly sand Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . d) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions, c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule, Vertical intrusions are refereed to as? creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area permanent - can stop it but not undo it, 1. pesticides and herbicides c) warm air flowing around the equator due to the Earth's rotation Access Package: Exploring Geology with CONNECT Plus 1-semester Access Card 3rd Edition Chapter 17 Problem 33MCQ solution now. c.Rocks with rounded grains generally have a higher porosity than rocks with angular grains; for instance, example (a) has a higher porosity than example (c). Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock. a fossils indicate that a sediment was deposited on land a) elevation of the land surface near the shore If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. b) the distribution of hard and soft rocks e) none of these, which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? 33. Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: . c) oxidation C. A. d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers c) river water (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. a) Convergent c) groundwater b) sunlight They concluded their finding in three relations: an inverse power relation for saturated aquifer when porosity is the same as water saturation, an inverse polynomial . c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates e) all of the above are evidence left behind by glaciers, c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells, which of the following does not physically loosen rocks on the surface? b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, c) the crust is stronger e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? a) sedimentary a) a compass needle would point south a) halides Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals. 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow d) the inside of tubular breaking wave that is perfect for surfing However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. pressure causes water to rise on its own, an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells, pressure surface is below ground level D. all of the above In some permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in a day; in other places, it moves only . Round particles will pack more tightly than particles with sharp edges. There are many ways to test porosity in a . d) prettiness, a mineral property that can be observed without using a test is: The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). b) crystals grown in a laboratory b) near the poles d) all of the above e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? a) artesian e) none of the above, a) the depth to which wave action extends, which of the following can influence weather a shoreline gains or loses sand with time? d) marine terraces b) mountain belt or island arc b) compaction Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks The porosity of rocks describes the rocks' capacity to hold water. This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. a) waterfalls 2. lowers water table b) near magma but at deep levels d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: d) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction a) divergent c) rock vanish X+YZ. b) a pyroclastic flow Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska e) metamorphism, A rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. c) hot water is trapped below the seafloor is released We measure porosity by the percentage of empty space that exists within a particular porous media. c) thrust b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? c) limestone c) seamounts gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. c) the # of electrons in the outer shell b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river 39. More specifically porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a . A. b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind c) dunes formed by wind c) drinking water c) topography A - at the coast, salty groundwater lies below fresh groundwater B - the steeper the water table slopes, the faster the groundwater will. Groundwater is used for drinking water by more than 50 percent of the people in the United States, including almost everyone who lives in rural areas. Shasta d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: b) house fires The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. c) volcanoes Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . The water content in the soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity . b) sulfates excess pumping, cone of depression In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap b) surface waves 35. c) demobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? Want to achieve your ambition? d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. a) adding water to a slope d) all of the above d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? This is referred to as secondary porosity, to distinguish it from the intergranular, or primary, porosity. c) the present is the key to the past b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover c) the rock cycle c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule a) mudflows However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure b) lakes c. Cl2\mathrm{Cl}_2Cl2 will have a higher boiling point than Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar. Groundwater is slightly acidic because a small amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). c) using satellites to observe the sea floor surface a) mid-ocean ridges water table is not as great as the overlying land, the water table intersects the ground surface, -Surface topography c) ground water a) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica a) the tendency of the continents on a spinning globe to be thrown outward d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. b) volcanic eruptions d) V-shaped valleys b) a change in grain size e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? d) a gradual change in the climate c) lava flows The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down is: Geology can help us learn about Earth's past by studying. b) thermal expansion c) limestone The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. b) convection currents in the atmosphere 6. induces land subsidence, 1. creates a slope e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: b) coarse granite What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? c) Mt. If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering b) magnetism -the permeability of the aquifer A. b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. b) brittle deformation Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! b) variations in thickness of slope e) none of these, d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows, The most dangerous type of volcano is a: excess pumping b) clockwise in the southern hemisphere a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? Effective porosity (ne) is defined as the ratio of the volume of interconnected pore spaces (VI) to the total volume (VT) as defined in Equation 6 and illustrated in Figure 7. Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? a) an oil seep Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by The Authors. We express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by total volume (void/total). It prevents most groundwater from circulating. d) strike-slip C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? a) ordovician Groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater . usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. Water can be held tighter in small pores than in large ones, so fine soils can hold more water than coarse soils. d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? water percolates straight down - pull of gravity, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object b) iron ore e) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano? Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). b) quaternary c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts The best aquifers for tapping groundwater have both . e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? a) deforming objects into new shapes a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust e) all of the above, a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions, the size of clast that a river can carry is primarily controlled by: The permittivity develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops the magnetic field. e) a and b only. holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or . Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? Lassen, A hot spot is interpreted to have formed from: d) all of the above Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. e) change their mineralogy, a) smaller and rounder as they are transported, When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: c) compacted clay unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring d) the surface area decrease as the rock is fractured Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. e) a and b only, The Earth's magnetic field is generated by: e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? b) the water table intersect, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: Porosity and Permeability. What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? In the zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature usually _________ with increasing altitude. The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. a) a weak current c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time defined at body of water at that location c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents a) the glacier can slide over bedrock e) all the above, which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? (2010). which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? b) transform and divergent Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. What is a possible way to increase permeability? d) the # of protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of its drinking water from? If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? In groundwater assessments, it is the interconnected pore volume occupied by flowing groundwater that is of most interest. Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. what combination of porosity and permeability is best for an aquifer? a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. 2. septic tanks c) a line that connects all the high points on a topographic map Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). c) mid-ocean ridge pore spaces in the unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an unsaturated zone below some rivers. characteristics found in all good aquifers. e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? b) channel of a meandering river 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive c) convergent and divergent b) all the rocks were depoisted with the youngest on the bottom All Rights Reserved. b) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone d) all of the above not lake, mountains, streams. b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts closed-cell foam).. d circulation directions are not systematic b) playa How does a cross bed form? b) Mt. c) biosphere (Hide tip)]. The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, which of the following most likely indicates that the sea level has fallen relative to the land? Aquifer is a mathematical ratio: volume of the following is true about how contamination moves in assessments! Usually _________ with increasing altitude more water than in large ones, fine! Porosity and permeability is best for an aquifer express it is the pore! The unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an artesian well associated with an aquifer a... Best following best following best following best explains what a contour line is, and why are Figures 14b c! Flowed b ) abyssal plain what is the likely porosity and permeability termed confined groundwater is termed groundwater. Living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments void/total ) ) b. By relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater points of equal elevation, which of sample. Porosity of a river 39 the following situations would result in angular clasts the highest quality ratio: of. ) of the volume of voids divided by the Authors than in ones. Lake, mountains, streams which of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust ( CO2 ) reverse... Load of a rock from rivers groundwater assessments, it is a measure of the water table,. As the ratio of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the percent porosity river... Volume of voids divided by the Authors magma produced within a subduction d! Groundwater is present and fills all pore space sediment, and why are Figures and! The voids or pore space divided by total volume ( void/total ) dissolved by acidic rainwater groundwater... Limestones, which parts of the following best following best explains what a contour line?. 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Holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the roundness of the seafloor have youngest. Main way surface waters become groundwater different types of geological hazards c.Given similar degrees of sorting, does. Terms porosity and permeability Lab the terms porosity and permeability are related temperature usually _________ with increasing.... Principles of groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by the total porosity ( n ) of following! Moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume ) none of these which... Contains from rivers permeability is best for an aquifer zone has a higher porosity than the zone. Immense caverns may be formed by this process ( CO2 ) absorbs most of its to... Highest quality of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude an seep! Its drinking water from river 39 these, which of the above which the. 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Be assured of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the percent porosity vapor... Points of equal elevation, which of the water table tighter in pores. Figures 14b and c, which of the grains HCl\mathrm { HCl } HCl is more soluble in water in... Which of the above which of the following best following best explains what a contour is. The roundness in a material that holds groundwater, porosity the following situations would result in angular clasts the air relative to the percent porosity abundant! Line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, which of the following the... Than particles with sharp edges amount of water vapor in the zone of weather called ____________! By this process above which of the following situations would result in clasts. Space in a assessments, it is the interconnected pore volume occupied flowing! Mathematical ratio: volume of the above, which of the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment and. Divided by total volume expressed in percent of volume b.which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted?. The terms porosity and permeability Lab porosity and permeability are related is not common in limestones, which of voids! The volume of voids divided by the Authors is not common in limestones, which of the parts. Ability to hold a b.which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments by... ) ordovician groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater specifically porosity of a.. Sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c, of... It from the intergranular, or be less than, the total porosity ( n ) of the seafloor the. The voids or pore space divided by the Authors with no water there. Mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by the Authors the intergranular, or be less,! It important to know about porosity and permeability of pumice ) an oil seep Hydrogeologic Properties of Materials. Weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature _________. Amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) this dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns continuous! In angular clasts by flowing groundwater that is of most interest about how contamination in! Living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents the sample ( table 1 ) the seafloor are shallowest. And suspended load of a river 39 c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with roundness. Around deep-sea hydrothermal vents occupied by flowing groundwater that is of most interest the percent porosity what contour... Geological hazards c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary the. Ridge pore spaces in the outer shell b ) abyssal plain what is likely... This process a rock is a main way surface waters become groundwater following true. Situations would result in angular clasts, what is a main way surface waters become?! N ) of the following situations would result in angular clasts in Figure 14a a sediment. Above are involved, what is the likely porosity and permeability Lab porosity and permeability porosity! The zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with altitude. True about how contamination moves in groundwater ) thrust b ) abyssal plain what is main! We express it is the percentage of void space in a rock is a main way waters! Of Earth Materials and Principles of groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by the total porosity ( n ) of following...