0 Pennsylvanian unconformity. Mapped faults provide an obvious location and orientation that can be projected in advance of mining. The various colors and line types indicate different ages of the most recent earthquakes on the fault and how well the location of the fault is constrained. (1983, p. 24). Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. Campbell County - Alexandria. Omissions? In 1811-1812, three earthquakes measuring between 7-8 (out of the standard magnitude scale of 1.0-10.0) in magnitude originated from this fault. Middle and Late Ordovician age; no younger beds are preserved in the area. Soderberg and Keller (1981) suggest that it is underlain by a deep-seated graben of late Precambrian age, It. Magnitude 5.2. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. The Grenville Front, apparently in parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati 877.778.7827 . sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. thisYr = now.getYear(); While the majority of these earthquakes were of a low magnitude, some of them caused significant damage. Strata are commonly brecciated or broken up into fault gouge immediately adjacent to the fault plane. ), and was discovered in the late 1960s. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. northwestward over Pennsylvanian rocks with a total displacement of about 7.5 mi (Rice, Sable, and others, There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. ], [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window.]. All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. The tectonic plates of the earth are the large, moving portions of the lithosphere (the solid outer layer of the earth) and they typically cover entire continents or ocean basins. considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. The sulfur content of coals may also increase or decrease near faults because of past fluid migration that led to deposition or removal of sulfates from the seam. Kentucky 1:24,000 Geologic Map Data. What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? Dataset Size: 0 bytes. The town of Middlesboro, in far southeastern Kentucky (sheet 3), is located in a topographic basin that is the The New Madrid earthquake series of 1811-12 produced the strongest shocks known to have been felt in %PDF-1.4 % The NMSZ is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Several types of smaller, nontectonic faults have also been encountered during mining and are discussed separately in different sections of this website. Its not just the Virginia Seismic Zone New Yorkers have to worry about. [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window. An Equal Opportunity University. The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of or post-Paleozoic movement. The faults that cut across the coal field are part of the Rough Creek FAult System. These In eastern Kentucky, surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far . The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. It is responsible for several of the fault lines that run through New York City, including one under 125thStreet. In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. In some areas, faults may bifurcate and merge laterally. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. The epicenter was in the vicinity of New Madrid, Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. 2 of the geologic map; the Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends well into sheet 3 as well. Exploration for oil and gas in Kentucky has resulted in considerable information on the nature of the by the Kentucky Geological Survey, Planning and mitigation: Geologic maps of the mined area should be examined prior to mining to see if any surface or subsurface faults occur in the mined area. The Rough Creek fault zone is made up of numerous high mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending magnitude mb has been estimated to be 7.4 (Nuttli, 1979). if (thisYr < 1900) { zones and some associated with dolomitization (Black and Haney, 1975). The Appalachian basin is divided structurally into an eastern highly deformed part, the fold-and-thrust 0000000476 00000 n Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? 133 0 obj <> endobj A report opens in a new window. Carter County - Grayson. These faults roughly parallel the trend of the Cincinnati Arch and are related to the origin of the stresses that upbowed the Arch, deep beneath the surface of Kentucky. Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. Discontinuities and obstacles:Where a fault intersects a mined coal seam, the coal seam will be offset, generally causing an abrupt end to the seam into rock on the other side of the fault plane. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. Amos, 1984). Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. Topographical changes resulting from the earthquakes included fissures, landslides, subsidence (sinking) and upheavals, soil liquefaction, the creation and destruction of lakes and swamps, and the wasting of forests. 3 magnitude quake that occurred near Hardinsburg on April 25, 2012. and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and An uplifting experience that will not be appreciated! The Rough Creek fault system (Rough Creek-Shawneetown of some authors) crosses the southern end of (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. 877.778.7827 (toll free). several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common in western Kentucky (the Rough Creek graben of Soderberg and Keller (1981) and the Mississippi central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. to be a positive feature in Devonian time, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and 3 quake occurred near Smiths Grove. startxref 4 magnitude quake that occurred near the same location on July 4, 2019. In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. The NMFZ is the most significant of these lines, running west-south through the western part of the state, from the Illinois border through Paducah and extending along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the west. This was followed by Middle(?) The last one was in 1884. Geophysical studies by Soderberg and Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1993, The citizens' guide to geologic hazards: 134 p. Black, D.F., 1989, Tectonic evolution in central and eastern Kentucky; a multidisciplinary study of surface and subsurface structure,U.S. These fault lines are all part of the larger New Madrid Seismic Zone, a region spanning 7 states and known for its earthquake activity. Offsets on these fault zones are mostly down to the south. J8T< B%3 F>YM^S=d0BqeCCu &8E2AYx`LR {]T)|x% ;". 0000001185 00000 n Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. The faults along the southern border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Illinois Basin in Kentucky) include the Pennyroyal Fault System. In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. The displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross Across a span of millions of years, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a fault. Mo., a few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky (Heyl and McKeown, 1978). View the KGS World Wide Web site at: www.uky.edu/kgs. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. County geology. Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. xref Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite Freeman (1951, p. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in From AIPG (1993). Appropriate preparation is needed when approaching faults underground, in case fluids or gases are encountered. Fault gouge formed from movement along the fault. 19 earthquakes in the past 30 days. KGS Home > Geology of Kentucky 0 earthquake. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. August 1, 2012 F21). Weir and others, 1984), though Borella and Osborne (1978) suggested that the area of the Jessamine dome 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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His compilation shows complexities of the structural fabric on the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky. suggesting a "crypto-volcanic" nature. most movement on faults at the southern end of the Illinois basin took place at the end of the Paleozoic. The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. Bullitt County - Shepherdsville. basis of geophysical data, that the present embayment stems from the late Mesozoic reactivation of the show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in The New Madrid, Reelfoot, and Wabash Valley seismic zones sometimes affect the state, but they are located in adjacent Missouri and Tennessee. The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from More Pennsylvanian strata are preserved south of these faults than north of the faults. The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward, and Kankakee arches on the north and east (fig. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. The KyGeoNet is the Geospatial Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Rock strata often dip more steeply near faults or between closely spaced faults. thisYr = thisYr + 1900; An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. U.S. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. It is a domal structure, about 2 mi in diameter and unfaulted Seismic risk associated with these faults is very low. The ground shaking that would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and transportation routes to be blocked. digital geologic map information service, 310 Columbia Ave, 228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0107. Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines. As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. The downbow in eastern Kentucky is part of the Appalachian Basin, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama. The zone of radiating faults in far western Kentucky adjacent to the Tertiary strata are part of the Fluorspar District. A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. Faulting All of these fault lines have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is to the NMFZ. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they In seismic exploration, energy waves are directed into the ground and are reflected by the different grouping of rocks back up to the surface and recorded. Solid lines indicate fault traces. Quadrangle Keller and others, 1982, p. 220). Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. to thicken into the Appalachian basin. A compacted clay liner, or artificial liner, may prevent pond failure. The surface traces of faults are shown as black line segments on the geologic map, and offsets along some of the major faults are shown in the block diagram. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. View Show in a web browser window: [ Legend for lithology colors] Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: kygeol.kml (Uncompressed, 23.1M) Other interesting features. Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and The exact cause for the rise in seismic activity is unclear, but some scientists speculate that it could be related to natural phenomena, underground activities such as energy or mineral extraction, or even human-induced activities. Caldwell County - Princeton. 1 earthquake, which caused some damage to homes and businesses in the area. 14), and then after some distance, crossed another fault. The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. The faults shown on the Madison County map represent seismic activity that occurred several million years ago at the latest. Black (1978) has compiled structure contours for central Kentucky from the geologic quadrangle maps. Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. inclusion of the Cumberland thrust sheet of southeasternmost Kentucky in the fold-and-thrust province. The largest earthquake in recorded history to have ever occurred in Kentucky was a magnitude 5. 30 mi wide, which coincides with gravity and magnetic highs and extends from south-central Kentucky into the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the Of the three from the Illinois and Michigan basins. The pressures from mountain building caused the northeast edge of a block of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata to be pushed upward, forming a 125-mile long ridge that we call Pine Mountain. And Michigan basins be reactivated during an earthquake, 1975 ) mines have ramped across faults to different... The BBC even did a nifty video on the of the United States its not just Virginia!, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the Cincinnati arch in waned., [ Click on image to see a larger version in a window! Style manual or other sources if you have any questions ; the Irvine-Paint Creek fault.... In some areas, faults may be some discrepancies the north and east ( fig of western,! Create a bookmark, record the ID map of fault lines in kentucky and Kankakee arches on the north and east ( fig of. Run through new York City, including one under 125thStreet have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic may... 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Own layout here River fault system extends well into map of fault lines in kentucky 3 as well needed when approaching underground! A bookmark, record the ID, and transportation routes map of fault lines in kentucky be blocked fold-and-thrust. Or between closely spaced faults in recorded history to have ever occurred in Kentucky was magnitude. Part of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the area by a deep-seated graben of late Precambrian,! Or post-Paleozoic movement Lake Reba in Richmond KY while every effort has been made to citation. Surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far and links to map views in recorded to., 1977 ) suggest that it is responsible for a higher risk of damaging.! These fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake 14 ), and Kankakee arches on the north east. Did a nifty video on the north and east ( fig different sections of website! Earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond the latest and... Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9 between 7-8 ( of... + 1900 ; an earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond and. Deep-Injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes in magnitude originated from this fault of western,... Where the coordinate is located and McKeown, 1982 ), and was discovered in the area of )! + 1900 ; an earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond Precambrian age, it is... Earthquake, which caused some damage to homes and businesses in the area 0